树首都消防意识铸安全防范之堤

消防安全是公共安全的重要组成部分.北京的特殊地位和性质决定了北京消防工作的特殊性.胡锦涛总书记来北京视察工作时强调,北京的各项工作都应该走在全国的前列.北京市长王岐山同志曾说过,"公共安全是天大的事,怎么强调也不过分".那么,如何推进首都的消防事业,确保首都的消防安全,使北京的消防工作走在全国的前列,并在全国起到带头作用,为建设和谐社会的首善之区创造良好的消防安全环境,我认为当前应突出抓好三个方面工作:     

化工生产装置活性危害评估

活性危害的评估由理论筛选,热稳定性的实验筛选,动力学参数的检测装置,紧急排放系统的设计、筛选和放大,过程设计和优化等几个部分组成.     

Study on the pyrolysis of polyethylene in the presence of iron and copper chlorides

Pyrolysis experiments were conducted to elucidate the effects of metal chlorides on the thermal degradation of low-density polyethylene on a continuous pyrolysis temperature range of 600 degrees C to 1100 degrees C. The present work focusses on the ratio of aromatics generated on increasing the pyrolysis temperature in the presence of metal salts, iron(II), iron(III) and copper(II) chlorides. It was observed that beside alpha,omega-dienes, alpha-olefins and n-alkanes which are usually observed during the thermal decomposition of polyethylene, the level of aromatics noticeably increases with the addition of metal salts. At high temperatures, the formation of these aromatics took place in such a way that they become the major products when polyethylene is pyrolyzed in presence of FeCl(3) and CuCl(2). Quantification of the effect of metal salts has been tempted comparing the variation of the ratio of aromatics with pyrolysis temperatures. Mechanisms responsible for the formation of these aromatics in presence of metal salts have been tentatively investigated. They are proposed to result from cyclization/dehydrogenation reactions similar to those observed during the thermal decomposition of polyethylene, but with an increased efficiency due to the metal salts.     

Modeling human exposures to air pollution control (APC) residues released from landfills in England and Wales

Human exposures to air pollution control (APC) residues released from 6 landfills were modeled and assessed. Following a qualitative risk characterisation, direct and indirect exposures were quantified. Site-specific air dispersion modeling was conducted for PM(10), PCDDs/PCDFs, Pb, Cd, As and Cr(VI) concentrations at the closest residential points of exposure for 4 landfill sites accepting, in total, 75% w/w of the APC residues disposed of in 2000-2001 (UK). Inhalation risks, assessed by reference to air quality standards at residential exposure points, were assessed as insignificant. Preliminary modeling suggested that indirect exposures from PCDDs/PCDFs at the 95th percentile level for the site where APC deposition rates were highest could potentially exceed the tolerable daily soil intake (TDSI) but this warrants further study given the model limitations. These results offer an initial screen of the significance of potential risks from APC disposal, which is of value in addressing concerns about the uncertainty of potential risks to human health from bulk APC disposal at strategic locations.     

Economic Analysis of CO2 Emission Trends in China

Climate change is one of hot spots all around the world. China, the second biggest CO₂ emitter, is facing increasingly severe pressure to reduce CO₂ emission. The article first describes Kaya Identity and its policy implications. Second, it uses the modified Kaya Identity and makes decomposition without residues on CO₂ emission during the period 1971-2005. Taking into account the changes of macroeconomic background, it conducts a detailed analysis in terms of CO₂ emission trend from 4^th Five Year Plan through 10^th Five Year Plan. The decomposition results indicate that economic development and increase in population are major driving forces, and that improvement in energy efficiency contributes to the reduction of CO₂ emission, and that decarbonization in primary energy structure is also an important strategic choice. Finally, the article stresses that in CO₂ order to realize the binding target of 20% reduction in GDP energy intensity during the 11^th Five Year Plan, China should speed up the readjustment of the industrial structure and energetically develop the energy-efficient technologies and clean fuel technology, which will effectively promote the country to reduce CO₂ emission and contribute to the mitigation of climate change.     

Synthesis of mesoporous magnesium oxide: Its application to CO2 chemisorption

Mesoporous magnesium oxide (MgO) was synthesized using mesoporous carbon CMK-3 obtained from mesoporous SBA-15 as exotemplate. P123 was used as the structure-directing template and rice husk ash (RHA) as the silica source for the synthesis of SBA-15, which was subsequently treated with sucrose and sulphuric acid to obtain mesoporous carbon (CMK-3). X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) results and the type-IV adsorption isotherm with H1 hysteresis obtained by N₂ adsorption/desorption study for SBA-15, CMK-3 and mesoporous MgO suggests its resemblance with materials synthesized using conventional silica sources. Mesoporous MgO was subjected for CO₂ adsorption study in TGA; adsorption was 8 and 10 wt% at 25 and 100 °C, respectively. Finally, mesoporous MgO is selective to CO₂ gas, thermally stable and regenerable. Thus, this study contributes a better route to enhance CO₂ gas adsorption and use ecological waste rice husk for the synthesis of such efficient mesoporous materials.     

从醇后气中回收淡甲醇

在甲醇分离器后设置淡甲醇回收装置回收醇后收醇后的中甲醇，其回收率达到８７．５％，同时大大降低了排放地沟的稀氨水中的甲醇含量，减轻了稀氨水对环境的污染，有较好的经济效益和环境效益。     

温室效应对中国岩溶发育的影响

全球温室效应正在缓慢地进行。本文首次探讨气候变暖对岩溶发育环境的影响，并预测了大气ＣＯ２浓度加倍时中国南北方碳酸盐岩化学溶蚀速率。