Injury-related hospital admission of female firefighters in South Korea

Purpose. The main objective of this study was to ascertain whether injury-related hospital admission in all South Korea female firefighters is greater than that in the general population. Methods. To perform this comparison, the standardized admission ratios (SARs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by person-years and mortality computation software. Results. Compared to the general population, the SARs for overall injury (SAR?=?1.57, 95% CI [1.24, 1.96]) and for injury to the lower back (SAR?=?2.78, 95% CI [1.81, 4.07]) in the female firefighters were significantly higher. The SARs for injury to the knee (SAR?=?2.48, 95% CI [1.18, 4.55]) in emergency medical services (EMS) workers were significantly higher than those in the general population. Conclusions. Our study shows that the SARs of overall injury and injury to the lower back in female firefighters and knee injury in the EMS were significantly higher than those in the general population. Further studies are needed to protect the lower back of firefighters and the knees of EMS.     

Gaseous emissions from compressed natural gas buses in urban road and highway tests in China

The natural gas vehicle market is rapidly developing throughout the world, and the majority of such vehicles operate on compressed natural gas(CNG). However, most studies on the emission characteristics of CNG vehicles rely on laboratory chassis dynamometer measurements, which do not accurately represent actual road driving conditions. To further investigate the emission characteristics of CNG vehicles, two CNG city buses and two CNG coaches were tested on public urban roads and highway sections. Our results show that when speeds of 0–10 km/hr were increased to 10–20 km/hr, the CO_2, CO, nitrogen oxide(NO_x), and total hydrocarbon(THC) emission factors decreased by(71.6 ± 4.3)%,(65.6 ± 9.5)%,(64.9 ± 9.2)% and(67.8 ± 0.3)%, respectively. In this study, The Beijing city buses with stricter emission standards(Euro Ⅳ) did not have lower emission factors than the Chongqing coaches with Euro Ⅱ emission standards. Both the higher emission factors at 0–10 km/hr speeds and the higher percentage of driving in the low-speed regime during the entire road cycle may have contributed to the higher CO_2 and CO emission factors of these city buses. Additionally, compared with the emission factors produced in the urban road tests, the CO emission factors of the CNG buses in highway tests decreased the most(by 83.2%), followed by the THC emission factors, which decreased by 67.1%.     

不同 pH 浸提条件对生活垃圾焚烧炉渣重金属浸出影响研究

生活垃圾焚烧炉渣富集了大量重金属,对环境有严重影响。对生活垃圾焚烧炉渣以（ HJ／T 299－2007）硫酸硝酸法浸提,在不同的pH浸提条件下对炉渣中重金属浸出特性进行了实验研究。结果表明重金属浸出量随着浸出pH的下降有明显上升趋势,尤其在酸性条件下有明显提升。炉渣在酸雨长期浸泡下会浸出大量重金属,对周边土壤及地下水造成严重影响。     

固体废物中氰化物全量的测定方法研究

建立了固体废物中氰化物全量的测定方法.选择金矿、电镀污泥等典型固废实际样品为研究对象,探讨了氰化物的全量测定结果与提取液pH的关系,确定使用pH值>12的氢氧化钠水溶液做为全量提取液.提取液中氰化物的含量采用硝酸银滴定法、异烟酸-吡唑啉酮或异烟酸-巴比妥酸分光光度法进行测定.方法检出限分别为0.24、0.03及0.02 mg/kg,实际固废样品加标回收率范围在92.2%~107%,6次测定结果的RSD为1.5%~11.7%.该方法检出限低、回收率高,精密度和准确度良好,适用于固体废物中氰化物的全量测定.     

环境监理取费基价的测算方法研究

环境监理是“三同时”制度全过程管理的体现.统一的行业收费标准对环境监理行业的健康发展至关重要.完善的收费机制有利于企业间的公平竞争,先进技术的应用与发展,高端人才的引进.通过对比发展较成熟的工程监理取费机制,分析环境监理的工作内容,收集已实施案例数据.通过matlab技术对收集的取费数据进行拟合分析,得出环境监理取费函数,并检验函数偏差.得出以投资额为基数的环境监理基价取费建议表.     

Project feasibility study: the key to successful implementation of sustainable and socially responsible construction management practice

This paper introduces a new approach for conducting project feasibility study by embracing the principles of sustainable development. Construction projects, in particular, infrastructures have major influence on the attainment of sustainable development, thus project sustainability needs to be considered. This becomes a pressing issue particularly in those developing countries or regions, such as China where a huge amount of construction works are currently performed and remain to happen in the future. Previous study has addressed little on the relevance of project feasibility study to project sustainability performance. The importance of incorporating sustainable development principles in conducting project feasibility study is not effectively understood by project stakeholders. This paper addresses major challenges of undertaking project feasibility study in line with sustainable construction practice with reference to the Chinese construction industry. A case study approach is the major research method in this study. The research team collected 87 feasibility study reports from various projects. Attributes are used for measuring project performance, including 18 economic performance attributes, nine social performance attributes, and eight environmental performance attributes. Research results show that economic performance is given the most concern in the current practice of project feasibility study, whilst less attention is given to the social and environmental performance. The study reveals the insufficiency of examining the performance of implementing a construction project from the perspective of sustainable development. The results also suggest the need for shifting the traditional approach of project feasibility study to a new approach that embraces the principles of sustainable development.     

On sealing a lakebed: mass media and environmental democratisation in China

This paper examines a transition of environmental governance in China that involves increased transparency and public participation. It pays close attention to the role of the mass media in this transformation. After briefly reviewing the history of environmental governance in China, the paper examines the particular transformations in the governance regime that are associated with the controversy over the sealing of the eastern lake in the Old Summer Palace, Beijing. The paper argues that the central government has increasingly enlisted the support of the public and the media in governing environmental matters and provides evidence that the traditional mass media and the Internet have become increasingly active in environmental debates in China.     

Ozonation of o-cresol in aqueous solutions using a rotating packed-bed reactor.

Experimental results indicated that ozone transfer in the rotating packed contactor was noticeably greater than in a traditional packed-bed contactor under similar operational conditions. Ozonation in the rotating packed contactor has been shown to be feasible for achieving nearly complete decomposition of o-cresol within 1 hour. The decomposition of o-cresol by ozonation in the rotating packed contactor increased with increasing rotor speed and decreasing the gas-liquid flowrate ratio. However, the reduction of total organic carbon during the ozonation of o-cresol was not influenced by variation of rotor speed and gas-liquid flowrate ratio. The species distribution of o-cresol under various solution conditions plays a significant role in determining the decomposition behavior. In most experiments conducted in this study, the decomposition of o-cresol by ozonation was more favorable under alkaline conditions.     

2-n-丙基酚在模拟海水中的耗氧特性及降解动力学

以2-n-丙基酚为研究对象,分3个质量浓度系列研究其在人工模拟海水中的耗氧特性及降解过程.试验结果表明,在该模拟海水体系中,ρ(DO)呈现先下降后上升的趋势,ρ(DO)变化过程与2-n-丙基酚的生物降解过程密切相关,ρ(DO)最低值出现在2-n-丙基酚降解率达85%～90%的阶段.2-n-丙基酚在该体系中的生物降解反应符合一级反应动力学规律,其生物降解速率与2-n-丙基酚初始质量浓度有关.2-n-丙基酚初始质量浓度增加,生物降解速率下降,滞后期和半衰期也相应延长.