The performance of a combined nitritation-anammox reactor treating anaerobic digestion supernatant under various C/N ratios

A combined nitritation–anammox reactor was developed to treat the digestion supernatant under various C/N ratios. Due to the difficulties for heterotroph to utilize the refractory organics, the reactor presented relatively stable performance with increasing supernatant addition. Nevertheless, the adverse effects of supernatant would accumulate during the long-term operation and thus weakened the activity and shock resistance of microbes,which further led to the gradual decrease of reactor performance after 92 days' operation.Under this circumstance, supernatant with volatile fatty acids(VFAs) residuals was further introduced into the reactor to investigate the performance of combined nitritation–anammox process with VFA addition. With the appearance of VFAs, the nitrogen removal performance gradually restored and the reactor finally achieved stable and efficient performance with C/N ratio of 0.35. The VFA residuals within 150 mg/L in the supernatant served as the extra electron donors and stimulated the heterotrophic denitrification process, which was vital for the enhancement of reactor. The nitrogen removal rate and total nitrogen removal efficiency reached 0.49 kg N/(m3·day) and 88.8% after 140 days' operation, respectively. The combined nitritation–anammox reactor was proved suitable to treat digestion supernatant.     

青岛市环境空气质量改善进程国际对比研究

针对青岛市建设宜居幸福国际城市战略目标,研究选取了新加坡、旧金山、大阪、香港、上海、深圳等10个国内外港口城市,对比分析了青岛市环境空气质量状况,并与典型国际发达国家污染物减排和环境质量改善进程进行了对比。结果表明:青岛市PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、SO_2年均浓度与国际城市差距较大,改善任务艰巨;NO_2年均浓度相对较低,已达到与国际接轨的程度,并优于大部分国际对比城市。从国际大气污染物减排及环境空气质量改善进程来看,预计青岛市将在2025年全面达到国家环境空气质量二级标准。青岛市需加快环境空气质量改善进程,为建成宜居幸福的现代化国际城市提供优良的环境空气质量保障。     

A/DAT-IAT生物膜工艺与活性污泥法处理高含盐废水对比试验

主要研究A/DAT-IAT(前置厌氧/好氧-间歇曝气池)生物膜工艺的启动,并将该工艺处理高含盐废水的结果与活性污泥法进行比较。结果表明,在总水力停留时间(HRT)为13.5h、pH=7.5、25℃、含盐量为60g/L(以NaCl计)的条件下,A/DAT-IAT生物膜工艺的启动时间为8d,比活性污泥法缩短了10d左右。待反应器运行稳定后,A/DAT-IAT生物膜工艺对CODCr、NH4+-N、PO43--P的去除率分别为80.3%、79.0%、92.4%,反应器内微生物量为11.3g/L;A/DAT-IAT生物膜工艺与活性污泥法相比,CODCr、NH4+-N、PO43--P去除率分别提高了5.8%、11.2%、16.9%,微生物量增加了3.1g/L。     

云南大理地区地震中长期前兆现象分析

通过对大理地区多年来地磁场、重力场、地壳形变和地下水等地震前兆因素变化趋势的分析，指出大理地区是云南省未来１０年内发生强震危险性最大的区域之一。     

饮用水中蓝藻毒素污染研究进展

日趋严重的水体富营养化已成为全球性的环境问题,藻类及藻毒素给传统净水工艺带来了诸多不利影响,增加了水处理难度.对饮用水中蓝藻毒素去除技术进行了具体的论述,系统分析了各种技术的去除效果和局限性,并对藻毒素研究前景进行了展望.     

农田氮素淋溶损失影响因素及防治对策研究

农田氮素损失是造成农业非点源污染的主要原因之一,其中由于大量施用氮肥引起的土壤氮素淋溶损失又是农田氮素损失的重要途径.因此,农田氮素损失研究已成为国际土壤化学和环境科学领域研究的热点问题之一.根据近年来国内外在农田氮素运移领域的研究成果,从降雨和灌溉、施肥状况、土壤性质、耕作方式、作物种类和种植方式等方面分析了影响农田氮素淋溶损失的主要因素,提出了改进施肥方式、优化氮肥管理、推广缓释氮肥以及改善土地利用方式等提高氮肥利用率、减小氮素淋溶损失的防治对策.     

不同粒径零价铁(ZVI)对污水污泥H2S和CH4释放速率的影响

考察了不同粒径零价铁(ZVI),包括200目普通铁粉(200m-ZVI)、800目超细铁粉(800m-ZVI)和纳米铁粉(nZVI,粒径=20 nm),对污水污泥的硫化氢和甲烷释放速率的影响。研究发现:(1)在22 d内,添加0.1%的200m-ZVI使污泥的硫化氢释放速率提高48.0%,而添加0.1%的800-ZVI和nZVI,则使污泥的硫化氢释放速率分别降低33.1%和77.1%;(2)不同粒径ZVI均可以提高污泥沼气中的甲烷浓度,且依次为nZVI>800m-ZVI>200m-ZVI;(3)在23 d内,添加0.1%的200m-ZVI和nZVI使污泥的甲烷累计产生量分别提高了15.5%和40.6%,而添加0.1%800m-ZVI则使甲烷产生量降低了12.5%。nZVI可以有效控制污泥的硫化氢释放,并显著提升污泥在厌氧发酵过程的产甲烷速率。     

高氨氮浓度下的亚硝化过程及其影响因素研究

利用小试 CSTR反应器对高氨氮浓度条件下的亚硝化过程进行了试验研究 ,结果表明 :35℃时 ,在无污泥回流的情况下 ,运行 2 6 d后即实现了亚硝化 ,从第 73d开始出水中检测不出 NO3- ;在增加了连续污泥回流的情况下 ,反应器的运行更稳定 ,且出水中仍检测不到 NO3- ;反应器内的污泥具有很高的氨氧化活性 ,其最大氨氧化速率可达 3.0 1 kg N H+ 4- N / ( kg VSS· d) ;并利用间歇试验对 p H和 DO等对氨氧化速率的影响进行了研究     

Inhibitive effects of chlortetracycline on performance of the nitritation-anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process and strategies for recovery

The short-and long-term effects of chlortetracycline(CTC) on the nitritation-anaerobic ammonium oxidation(anammox) process were evaluated. The half maximal inhibitory concentration of CTC in the batch tests of the nitritation-anammox process was 278.91 mg/L at an exposure time of 12 hr. The long-term effects of CTC on the process were examined in a continuous-flow nitritation-anammox reactor. Within 14 days, the nitrogen removal rate significantly decreased from 0.61 to 0.25 kg N/m~3/day with 60 mg/L CTC in the influent.The performance suppressed by CTC barely recovered, even after CTC was removed from the influent. Furthermore, the inhibition of CTC also reduced the relative abundance of ammonium oxidizing bacteria(AOB) and anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria(An AOB)in the reactor, resulting in both a decreased amount of and an imbalance between AOB and An AOB. When fresh anammox sludge was reseeded into the nitritation-anammox reactor,the nitrogen removal rate recovered to 0.09 ± 0.03 kg N/m~3/day.