试论湖南生物多样性的研究现状与对策

本文从湖南生物多样性的研究现状出发,指出了存在的一些问题,提出了开展湖南生物多样性研究的若干对策。     

UV／H2O2／GAC与GAC处理微污染水的研究

文章进行了UV／H2O2／GAC和GAC系统用于微污染水深度处理的试验研究,结果表明：UV／H2O2／GAC对uV篮;和TOC均有良好的去除效果,当H2O2投量3．0mg／L,UV／H2O2反应器停留时间20min时,系统的COD和UV254去除率为44．6％和72．8％。UV／H2O2主要作用在于改善了GAC对有机物的吸附,产生了羟基自由基,从而提高了去除效果。     

盐城市区污水资源化海涂生态工程研究

盐城市区污水资源化海涂生态工程是根据“控源导流”整治战略构建的一项示范工程。拟将盐城市区污水截流入网,用污水渠道送至海涂生态工程,实现污水治理和资源化利用的结合。全程实行４级水质控制,生态工程的场址选择遵循“四忌四宜”原则,即忌人群、忌饮水、忌生食食品、忌超载,宜苇、宜林,宜草,宜粮。     

连云港市水环境整治规划研究

本文在“控源导流”思想的指导下，根据连云港市水环境污染现状，提出了连云港市水环境整治规划方案，它包括蔷薇河水源保护工程、新沂河污水资源化生态工程、市区（新海地区）污水治理工程、石梁河水库水源保护工程和四县城区污水治理工程五大工程，试图根治连云港市水污染。     

湖泊富营养化评价的S型曲线通用表示式

在适当设定富营养化指标的“本底”值情况下 ,当指标值用对应于“本底”值的相对值表示时 ,可采用 S型曲线描述湖泊富营养化发展程度 ,从而公式中的参数可视为与指标特性无关 ,采用遗传算法对公式中的参数优化 ,得到对多项指标通用的富营养化程度的指数计算公式 ,并用广义对比因子赋权新方法计算富营养化综合指数。该评价方法物理意义明确 ,计算简单 ,使用方便 ,具有可比性和通用性     

Contamination of rivers in Tianjin, China by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Tianjin urban/industrial complex is highly polluted by some persistent organic pollutants. In this study, the levels of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were tested in sediment, water, and suspended particulate matter (SPM) samples in 10 rivers in Tianjin. The total concentration of 16 PAHs varied from 0.787 to 1943 microg/g dry weight in sediment, from 45.81 to 1272 ng/L in water, and from 0.938 to 64.2 microg/g dry weight in SPM. The levels of PAHs in these media are high in comparison with values reported from other river and marine systems. Variability of total concentrations of PAHs in sediment, water, and SPM from nine different rivers is consistent with each other. No obvious trends of total PAHs concentration variations were found between upstream and downstream sediment, water, and SPM samples for most rivers, which indicate local inputs and disturbances along these rivers. The spatial distributions of three-phase PAHs are very similar to each other, and they are also similar to those found in topsoil. However, their chemical profiles are significantly different from that of topsoil. The change of profiles is consistent with the different aqueous transport capability of 16 PAHs. Low molecular weight PAHs predomination suggests a relatively recent local source and coal combustion source of PAHs in the study area.     

Light-induced formation of hydroxyl radicals in fog waters determined by an authentic fog constituent,hydroxymethanesulfonate

The determination of the photo-production rate of hydroxyl radical (OH) in atmospheric liquids is of fundamental importance to an understanding of atmospheric aquatic chemistry. Recently, several studies have been performed to examine the photo-chemical formation rate of OH in cloud and fog waters using a free radical quenching technique with addition of a relatively large concentration of organic compounds as an OH scavenger. The addition of free-radical scavenger chemicals may significantly alter the nature of the sample water and its OH production rate. In this paper, an authentic constituent, hydroxymethanesulfonate, is proposed as a free radical probe for the measurement of photo-chemical generation rate of OH in fog water. At 313 nm, an apparent quantum yield for the production of OH in a fog water was found to be 0.012+/-0.001, indicating that aqueous-phase photo-chemical processes could represent a significant and may be a dominant source of OH in atmospheric liquids.     

社会经济—生态环境耦合系统动力学模型

为实现生态环境优化调控与科学管理，促进社会经济与生态环境的协调发展，从社会经济系统、生态环境系统以及二者的相互联系定量研究入手，建立了经济系统与生态环境系统相耦合的动力学模型，给出了此模型的一般表达式和耦合计算方法。     

石板沟隧道洞口Ⅱ类围岩浅埋段施工方法

公路隧道的洞口浅埋段，多处于覆盖层，坡积层或风化严重的软弱破碎岩体中，在这样的地段进洞，目前均普遍采用新奥法施工，洞口段的施工工艺亦需简化，于是探讨不用明洞进洞施工方法显得很必要。然而许多隧道在局部区域可能埋深很浅，在这样的浅埋段施工，如果稍有不慎，就会导致通天坍塌，因此有必要采用地表锚杆或超前小导管注浆预加固。