基于CWSI的安徽省干旱时空特征及影响因素分析

安徽省是我国的农业大省和重要商品粮食基地,因受自然地理位置等因素的影响,安徽省旱灾频发。论文基于MOD16产品,利用作物缺水指数CWSI,结合气象数据和MOD13数据,分析2000—2014年安徽省干旱时空分布特征和影响因素,结论如下：1）基于MOD16产品计算的作物缺水指数可用于安徽省干旱的监测。2）2000—2014年间安徽省CWSI多年均值为0.524,最大值在2011年（0.569）,最小值在2003年（0.458）,整体上呈现弱增加趋势;具有较强的空间分异性,表现为南部湿润、北部干旱。各市多年CWSI年均值相差不大,但变化趋势各异,淮北平原地区和江淮之间地区呈现显著增加趋势,而皖南地区呈显著下降趋势。3）安徽省CWSI年内月变化整体上呈先减少后增加的单谷型趋势,1—6月和10—12月CWSI值较高,最大值在3月,为0.66,7—9月CWSI值较低,最小值在8月,为0.27,具有明显的季节性差异,淮北平原易出现春旱、秋旱和冬旱,江淮丘陵易出现春旱及秋旱,沿江地区易出现春旱。4）不同土地利用类型的CWSI年内变化特征差异明显,林地和草地整体上呈现先减少后增加的单谷趋势,其月均最大值在3月,城镇和耕地则表现为多峰趋势,最大月均值在6月。5）CWSI与降雨、温度以及植被的关系密切,在降雨较多的地区,温度较低,植被指数较高,CWSI值较小,干旱程度较轻,说明降雨对CWSI变化的影响较大。     

Quantification of multi-antibiotic resistant opportunistic pathogenic bacteria in bioaerosols in and around a pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plant

Pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs) are thought to be a "seedbed" and reservoirs for multi-antibiotic resistant pathogenic bacteria which can be transmitted to the air environment through aeration. We quantified airborne multi-antibiotic resistance in a full-scale plant to treat antibiotics-producing wastewater by collecting bioaerosol samples from December2014 to July 2015. Gram-negative opportunistic pathogenic bacteria(GNOPB) were isolated, and antibiotic susceptibility tests against 18 commonly used antibiotics, including 11 β-lactam antibiotics, 3 aminoglycosides, 2 fluoroquinolones, 1 furan and 1 sulfonamide, were conducted.More than 45% of airborne bacteria isolated from the pharmaceutical WWTP were resistant to three or more antibiotics, and some opportunistic pathogenic strains were resistant to 16 antibiotics, whereas 45.3% and 50.3% of the strains isolated from residential community and municipal WWTP showed resistance to three or more antibiotics. The calculation of the multiple antibiotic resistance(MAR) index demonstrated that the air environment in the pharmaceutical WWTP was highly impacted by antibiotic resistance, while the residential community and municipal WWTP was less impacted by antibiotic resistance. In addition, we determined that the dominant genera of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria isolated from all bioaerosol samples were Acinetobacter, Alcaligenes, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Pantoea, Pseudomonas and Sphingomonas. Collectively, these results indicate the proliferations and spread of antibiotic resistance through bioaerosols in WWTP treating cephalosporin-producing wastewater, which imposed a potential health risk for the staff and residents in the neighborhood, calling for administrative measures to minimize the air-transmission hazard.     

混凝法在硫酸软骨素废水后处理中的应用

硫酸软骨素是一种重要的生化制品，在其生产过程中产生了大量的高浓度有机废水。其COD值高达100g／L。以山东某生化制品有限公司硫酸软骨素废水为对象，对其后处理进行了研究。结果表明，后处理采用混凝处理工艺，可使生化处理后的废水的COD由316mg/L降至76mg／L，出水达到了GB8978-1996国家一级排放标准。     

Effects of mixture ratio on anaerobic co-digestion with fruit and vegetable waste and food waste of China

The biochemical methane potentials for typical fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) and food waste (FW) from a northern China city were investigated, which were 0.30, 0.56 m3 CH4/kgVS (volatile solids) with biodegradabilities of 59.3% and 83.6%, respectively. Individual anaerobic digestion testes of FVW and FW were conducted at the organic loading rate (OLR) of 3 kg VS/(m3 day) using a lab-scale continuous stirred-tank reactor at 35°C. FVW could be digested stably with the biogas production rate of 2.17 m3/(m3 day) and methane production yield of 0.42 m3 CH4/kg VS. However, anaerobic digestion process for FW was failed due to acids accumulation. The effects of FVW: FW ratio on co-digestion stability and performance were further investigated at the same OLR. At FVW and FW mixing ratios of 2:1 and 1:1, the performance and operation of the digester were maintained stable, with no accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia. Changing the feed to a higher FW content in a ratio of FVW to FW 1:2, resulted in an increase in VFAs concentration to 1100–1200 mg/L, and the methanogenesis was slightly inhibited. At the optimum mixture ratio 1:1 for co-digestion of FVW with FW, the methane production yield was 0.49 m3 CH4/kg VS, and the volatile solids and soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) removal efficiencies were 74.9% and 96.1%, respectively.     

牡丹江市土壤重金属污染状况调查及评价

为调查研究牡丹江市一些重点功能区的土壤重金属污染状况,在东宁县、林口县、绥芬河市、海林市、宁安市、穆棱市6个县(市)典型的耕地、林地、草地选择采集了60个土壤样本。以《土壤环境质量标准》GB15168-1995为评价标准,对牡丹江市土壤重金属As、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Hg、Mn、Ni、Pb、Se、V、Zn的污染状况作了初步评价。研究发现,牡丹江地区各县市主要以Cd、Mn、Ni、V为主,并针对污染状况提出了防治对策及措施。     

牡丹江流域生态环境现状及保护对策

"十一五"期间,牡丹江市土地没有退化,森里和草原资源丰富。牡丹江干流水生态环境良好,水生生物优势种明显。牡丹江市辖区河段果树场-牛场村,生物多样性高,水土保持较好。牛场村-温春镇兴隆河段,水生生物多样性已呈减少趋势,陆生生物多样性一般,土壤侵蚀中等。牡丹江市区河段,水生生物多样性差,陆生生物很少,水土流失现象严重。结合牡丹江流域生态环境特点,提出适宜的生态保护对策。     

UV／H2O2／GAC与GAC处理微污染水的研究

文章进行了UV／H2O2／GAC和GAC系统用于微污染水深度处理的试验研究,结果表明：UV／H2O2／GAC对uV篮;和TOC均有良好的去除效果,当H2O2投量3．0mg／L,UV／H2O2反应器停留时间20min时,系统的COD和UV254去除率为44．6％和72．8％。UV／H2O2主要作用在于改善了GAC对有机物的吸附,产生了羟基自由基,从而提高了去除效果。     

油管清洗安全环保技术

分析了传统油管清洗工艺存在的安全环保隐患;介绍了中频高压清洗油管工艺流程及采用中频高压清洗油管工艺后的效果。     

Diagnosis of sewer pipe defects on image recognition of multi-features and support vector machine in a southern Chinese city

An image-recognition-based diagnosis system of pipe defect types was established. 1043 practical pipe images were gathered by CCTV robot in a southern Chinese city. The overall accuracy of the system is 84% and the highest accuracy is 99.3%. The accuracy shows positive correlation to the number of training samples. Closed circuit television (CCTV) systems are widely used to inspect sewer pipe conditions. During the diagnosis process, the manual diagnosis of defects is time consuming, labor intensive and error prone. To assist inspectors in diagnosing sewer pipe defects on CCTV inspection images, this paper presents an image recognition algorithm that applies features extraction and machine learning approaches. An algorithm of image recognition techniques, including Hu invariant moment, texture features, lateral Fourier transform and Daubechies (DBn) wavelet transform, was used to describe the features of defects, and support vector machines were used to classify sewer pipe defects. According to the inspection results, seven defects were defined; the diagnostic system was applied to a sewer pipe system in a southern city of China, and 28,760 m of sewer pipes were inspected. The results revealed that the classification accuracies of the different defects ranged from 51.6% to 99.3%. The overall accuracy reached 84.1%. The diagnosing accuracy depended on the number of the training samples, and four fitting curves were applied to fit the data. According to this paper, the logarithmic fitting curve presents the highest coefficient of determination of 0.882, and more than 200 images need to be used for training samples to guarantee the accuracy higher than 85%.     

Evaluation of soil microbial toxicity of waste foundry sand for soil-related reuse

The relationship between the chemical con- taminants and soil microbial toxicity of waste foundry sand （WFS） was investigated. Five different types of WFS from typical ferrous, aluminum, and steel foundries in China were examined for total metals, leachable metals, and organic contaminants. The soil microbial toxicity of each WFS was evaluated by measuring the dehydrogenase activity （DHA） of a blended soil and WFS mixture and then comparing it to that of unblended soil. The results show that the five WFSs had very different compositions of metal and organic contaminants and thus exhibited very different levels of soil microbial inhibition when blended with soil. For a given WFS blended with soil in the range of 10wt.%-50wt.% WFS, the DHA decreased almost linearly with increased blending ratio. Furthermore, for a given blending ratio, the WFSs with higher concentrations of metal and organic contaminants exhibited greater microbial toxicity. Correlation analysis shows that the relationship between ecotoxicity and metal and organic contaminants of WFSs can be described by an empirical logarithmic linear model. This model may be used to control WFS blending ratios in soil-related applications based on chemical analysis results to prevent significant inhibition of soil microbial activity.