1420铝锂合金模锻件锻造工艺的研究

利用高温变形实验 ,研究了 14 2 0铝锂合金在不同变形条件下的变形行为 ,获得合金的塑性图、变形抗力图、晶粒尺寸 变形程度关系图 ,确定出合金的锻造工艺参数 :锻造温度为 35 0～4 2 0℃ ,临界变形程度为 8%～ 10 % ,变形速率以低速为宜。结合实际情况 ,制定出合理的、经济的14 2 0铝锂合金模锻件成形工艺 ,即 6 0 0 0t水压机上多方锻开坯→车成锥体→ 80 0 0t卧式挤压机上终压模成形。生产出的 14 2 0合金模锻件尺寸精度高 ,综合性能优良。     

基于RS和GIS的西部干旱区生态环境调控研究

实现生态环境优化调控与科学管理，是保护生态环境、促进社会经济与环境协调发展、建立人与自然和谐关系的重要举措。尤其是对生态环境十分脆弱的西部干旱地区，各级政府和学术界给予高度的重视。在定量研究生态环境调控的理论方法和具体操作过程中，需要借助遥感(RS)、地理信息系统(GIS)以及它们的结合等技术手段，来实现时空变化信息的实时、动态监测以及信息的提取、分析和处理。本文针对西部干旱区生态环境调控问题。提出一种RS和GIS支持下的生态环境调控量化研究方法，包括基于RS和GIS的西部干旱区生态环境量化指标体系、生态环境调控管理模型、调控方案优选与实施。并介绍一个应用例子。     

啤酒废水处理技术的应用

采用厌氧(UASB)+接触氧化工艺处理啤酒生产高浓度有机废水,处理后的各项指标完全达到了国家规定的排放标准。对废水综合处理系统的调试、运行过程进行了技术总结,并就其工艺要点进行了探讨。     

青岛市省级生态红线区产业准入负面清单制定方法及实践研究

结合法律法规和专家咨询法,对整合产业进行生态影响识别,并与现有政策进行衔接,建立了青岛市三类省级生态红线区产业准入负面清单。土壤保持、水源涵养、生物多样性维护三类红线区涉及(A-T)20类产业,三类红线区B、C、H、K类是全禁止,生物多样性维护红线区F类全禁止。A类产业中仅有林业均是正影响,I类和M类产业生态影响小,L、Q、S类禁止所有设施建设。此外,一些产业受限于设施建设,如果仅提供服务,则不纳入负面清单。     

WO_3/Ag_3VO_4复合光催化剂的制备及其可见光催化性能

采用超声辅助沉淀法—浸渍法制备了WO3/Ag3VO4复合光催化剂,对其进行了表征,考察了其在可见光条件下对罗丹明B的催化降解性能,并对催化机理进行了探讨。表征结果显示:WO3紧密包覆在Ag3VO4颗粒的表面,并未改变Ag3VO4的晶体结构;与Ag3VO4和WO3相比,WO3/Ag3VO4的吸收带边发生了红移。实验结果表明:w(WO3)为3.5%时,WO3/Ag3VO4对罗丹明B的可见光催化降解效果最好;在光催化剂加入量0.8 g/L、初始罗丹明B质量浓度10 mg/L的条件下,于室温下光照180 min时的罗丹明B去除率达95.76%,TOC去除率达96.5%;WO3与Ag3VO4在能带间的耦合作用下形成异质结结构,很好地抑制了光生电子-空穴对的复合。     

Synthesis of tributyl citrate using acid ionic liquid as catalyst

Synthesis of tributyl citrate (TBC) has been studied by using acid functionalized ionic liquid as catalyst. The results indicated that acidic ionic liquids show good catalytic and reusable performance. Under the optimum conditions, using 1-methyl-3-(3-sulfopropyl)-imidazolium hydrogen sulfate as catalyst, the conversion of citric acid was 97%. After easily separated from the products the ionic liquid could be reused 13 times without any disposal, and the conversion of citric acid was not less than 93%. Therefore, an environmental friendly approach for the synthesis of tributyl citrate is provided.     

基于突变理论的太湖富营养化程度判别

基于太湖夏季9个水功能分区的水质监测结果,综合考虑生物因子(叶绿素a浓度)、营养盐因子(总氮、总磷)、理化因子(水体透明度、高锰酸盐指数)作为评价指标,运用印第安人茅舍型突变模型对太湖的富营养化程度进行定量判别和分析。结果表明:太湖营养化程度时空分布不均。6月份,竺山湖的综合突变隶属度值为0.363;7月份,五里湖、梅梁湖、竺山湖及西部沿岸区的综合突变隶属度值分别为0.328、0.371、0.344及0.337;8月份,梅梁湖和西部沿岸区的综合突变隶属度值分别为0.373和0.362。因此太湖西部、北部的富营养化程度较高,处于中度富营养化状态。     

Effects of temperature and composite alumina on pyrolysis of sewage sludge

An interactive dual-circulating fluidized bed system has been proposed in which the pyrolysis of sewage sludge(SS) and incineration of biomass proceed simultaneously, and alumina is used as the bed material and heat carrier. The alumina coated with biomass ash would mix with sewage sludge in the pyrolysis reactor of this device. It is important to know the influence of composite alumina(CA) on the pyrolysis progress. Sewage sludge was pyrolyzed in a fixed bed reactor from 400 to 600°C using CA as catalyst. The effects of temperature and CA additive ratio on the products were investigated. The product yields and component distribution of non-condensable gas were more sensitive to the change of temperature, and the maximum liquid yield of 48.44 wt.% and maximum Useable Energy of Liquid of 3871 k J/kg sludge were observed at 500°C with 1/5 CA/SS(mass ratio). The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry results showed that the increase of temperature enhanced devolatilization of organic matter and promoted cyclization and aromatization of aliphatics. The presence of CA could strengthen secondary cracking and interaction among primary products from different organic compounds, such as acid–amine condensation,and reduce the content of oxygenated compounds. When the CA additive amount exceeded a certain proportion, the aromatization was clearly strengthened. The effects of CA on decomposition of fatty acids and formation of aromatics were similar to that of temperature. This means that the reaction temperature could be lowered by introducing CA, which has a positive effect on reducing energy consumption.     

给水管网建设工程对环境的影响与污染防治措施研究

管网工程对环境的影响主要表现为施工期。施工过程将对声环境、环境空气、生态环境、社会环境等产生不同程度的影响。供热管网施工过程中,由于管网铺设、开挖将可能破坏地表植被。同时,施工产生的临时弃土,若处理不当,将可能产生水土流失;同时工程拆迁及施工期各类污染物的排放影响居民生活质量,以及管线敷设管沟填埋前将对居民出行产生一定影响。结合给水管网建设工程的特点,从施工期分析给水管网建设项目对环境的影响及需采取的污染防治措施。