Absorption and recovery of n-hexane in aqueous solutions of fluorocarbon surfactants

n-Hexane is widely used in industrial production as an organic solvent. As an industrial exhaust gas, the contribution of n-hexane to air pollution and damage to human health are attracting increasing attention. In the present study, aqueous solutions of two fluorocarbon surfactants(FSN100 and FSO100) were investigated for their properties of solubilization and dynamic absorption of n-hexane, as well as their capacity for regeneration and n-hexane recovery by thermal distillation. The results show that the two fluorocarbon surfactants enhance dissolution and absorption of n-hexane, and their effectiveness is closely related to their concentrations in solution. For low concentration solutions(0.01%–0.30%), the partition coefficient decreases dramatically and the saturation capacity increases significantly with increasing concentration, but the changes for both are more modest when the concentration is over 0.30%. The FSO100 solution presents a smaller partition coefficient and a greater saturation capacity than the FSN100 solution at the same concentration,indicating a stronger solubilization for n-hexane. Thermal distillation is a feasible method to recover n-hexane from these absorption solutions, and to regenerate them. With 90 sec heating at 80–85°C, the recovery of n-hexane ranges between 81% and 85%, and the regenerated absorption solution maintains its original performance during reuse. This study provides basic information on two fluorocarbon surfactants for application in the treatment of industrial n-hexane waste gases.     

Activated carbon enhanced ozonation of oxalate attributed to HO. oxidation in bulk solution and surface oxidation： Effect of activated carbon dosage and pH

Ozonation of oxalate in aqueous phase was performed with a commercial activated carbon（AC）in this work. The effect of AC dosage and solution pH on the contribution of hydroxyl radicals（HOU） in bulk solution and oxidation on the AC surface to the removal of oxalate was studied. We found that the removal of oxalate was reduced by tert-butyl alcohol（tBA） with low dosages of AC,while it was hardly affected by tBA when the AC dosage was greater than 0.3 g/L. tBA also inhibited ozone decomposition when the AC dosage was no more than 0.05 g/L, but it did not work when the AC dosage was no less than 0.1 g/L. These observations indicate that HOUin bulk solution and oxidation on the AC surface both contribute to the removal of oxalate. HOU oxidation in bulk solution is significant when the dosage of AC is low, whereas surface oxidation is dominant when the dosage of AC is high. The oxalate removal decreased with increasing pH of the solution with an AC dosage of 0.5 g/L. The degradation of oxalate occurs mainly through surface oxidation in acid and neutral solution, but through HOUoxidation in basic bulk solution. A mechanism involving both HOUoxidation in bulk solution and surface oxidation was proposed for AC enhanced ozonation of oxalate.     

Salinity influence on soil microbial respiration rate of wetland in the Yangtze River estuary through changing microbial community

Estuarine wetland, where freshwater mixes with salt water, comprises different regions（rivers and marine ecosystems） with significantly varying tidal salinities. Two sampling areas, ZXS and JS, were selected to investigate the effect of tidal salinity on soil respiration（SR）. ZXS and JS were located in Zhongxia Shoal and Jiangyanan Shoal of Jiuduansha Wetland respectively, with similar elevation and plant species, but significantly different in salinity. The results showed that with almost identical plant biomass, the SR and soil microbial respiration（SMR） of the tidal wetland with lower salinity（JS） were significantly higher than those of the tidal wetland with higher salinity（ZXS）（p 〈 0.05）. However, unlike SMR and SR, the difference in the soil microbial biomass（SMB） was not significant（p 〉 0.05）with the SMB of ZXS a little higher than that of JS. The higher SMR and SR of JS may be closely connected to the soil microbial community structures and amount of dominant bacteria. Abundant β- and γ-Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria in JS soil, which have strong heterotrophic metabolic capabilities, could be the main reason for higher SMR and SR,whereas a high number of ε-Proteobacteria in ZXS, some of which have carbon fixation ability, could be responsible for relatively lower carbon output. Path analysis indicated that soil salinity had the maximum negative total influencing coefficient with SMR among the various soil physical and chemical factors, suggesting that higher soil salinity, restricting highly heterotrophic bacteria, is the principle reason for lower SMR and SR in the ZXS.     

江湖关系演变对洞庭湖水质变化影响研究

利用长江中下游地区监测站点1950~2009年逐日水文监测数据及1995~2010年水质分析资料,结合Spearman相关分析和综合污染指数评价法,分析了长江中下游江湖关系演变对洞庭湖水质变化影响,并面向洞庭湖水环境安全提出一系列调控措施,旨在为洞庭湖地区水质改善提供理论基础与技术支持。     

城市内河生态修复的技术对策及实证

本文初步探讨了城市内河生态修复的技术对策,并以2012年度慈溪市城区河道生态修复工程为实例,分析了生物膜技术、水生植物净化技术、微生物循环驯化技术、河道造流曝气技术等方法。研究结果表明:通过内河生态修复,慈溪市城市内河在水质指标、水体净化、景观生态等方面都有所改善,而且具有良好的社会和经济效益。     

实验室重金属废水处理研究

根据实验室废水中Hg2+和Cr3污染特点,以硫酸亚铁、硫化钠作为还原剂,将废水中的Cr6+还原为Cr3+,Hg2+和Cr3+以沉淀的形式混凝去除。分别考察pH值、反应时间及还原剂投加量对两种重金属去除率的影响,结果表明过低的反应时间不利于Cr6+和Hg2+的去除,pH2.0时,Cr6+和Hg2+的还原效率较高,FeSO4和Na2S加量分别在1 000 mg/L和667 mg/L时,Cr6+和Hg2+具有较高的去除效率。利用正交实验对污染物去除条件进行优化,结果表明,两种无机还原剂投加比例对铬、汞两种重金属离子的去除率影响大,pH值次之,反应时间对去除率的影响最小,在pH为2.0、FeSO4和Na2S加量分别在1 000 mg/L和667 mg/L,反应时间为30 min时,废水中Hg2+和Cr6+的去除率最高,分别达到98.23%、95.97%,处理后废水达到国家污水排放标准。     

塔河油田钻井废弃泥浆无害化处理技术研究

为了对新疆塔河油田钻井过程中产生的废弃泥浆的污染情况进行研究,提出了以多个井场废弃泥浆为试样,采用水泥、生石灰、粉煤灰等固化剂进行固化处理,对不同井场的废弃泥浆进行泥浆固化的药剂配比试验,经试验分析确定废弃泥浆浸出液主要污染指标为COD cr和pH值,固化剂中的水泥及生石灰对固化效果起着决定性的影响,结果表明以16%水泥+2%生石灰+8%粉煤灰+1%氯化钙+5%石膏的最佳配比方案,使固化后浸出液中各项环境指标达到排放标准,保证塔河油田的废泥浆固化处理能够有效施行。     

浅析环境监测如何在《重点区域大气污染防治“十二五”规划》实施中发挥作用研究

《重点区域大气污染防治"十二五"规划》是中国第一部综合性大气污染防治的规划,涉及14个城市,四川省属于《重点区域大气污染防治"十二五"规划》中面积最大的成渝城市群,约占该规划区的面积达10.7%。为更好地促进该规划的实施,四川省编制了《重点区域大气污染防治"十二五"规划四川省实施方案》。环境监测是环境保护及管理工作的基础,论文简要分析了在四川省规划实施过程中,环境监测的工作重点、工作方向以及应如何发挥作用。     

非一阴离子表面活性剂对PAHs的增溶作用及无机盐的强化效果研究

文章研究了几种非离子和阴离子表面活性剂在单一或混合条件下对多环芳烃（PAHs）萘和菲的增溶作用,并分析了无机盐对表面活性剂增溶PAHs的强化效果.结果表明,在相同浓度条件下,非离子表面活性剂对菲和萘的增溶效果均高于阴离子表面活性剂,其增溶能力大小顺序为：Tween 80 ＞TX-100＞ Tween 20＞ SDS＞SDBS.将非离子与阴离子表面活性剂混合后,对萘和菲的增溶作用大于单一阴离子表面活性剂而小于单一非离子表面活性剂,且增溶效果随着非离子表面活性剂比例的增加而增大.低浓度（0.03 mol/L）的NaCl和Na2SO4可大幅度促进表面活性剂对萘和菲的增溶效果,但随着无机盐浓度的提高,对增溶效果的促进作用不明显.     

浅述汽车加油站油气回收系统监测研究

加油站油气回收系统是由卸油油气回收系统、汽油密闭储存、加油油气回收系统、在线监测系统和油气排放处理装置组成。该系统的作用是将加油站在卸油、储油和加油过程中产生的油气,通过密闭收集、储存和送入油罐汽车的罐内,运送到储油库集中回收变成汽油,以达到在汽车加油、油料储运过程中油汽不外泄,不污染周边环境的目的。根据中华人民共和国《加油站大气污染物排放标准》(GB 20952-2007)中第六条的规定,长三角地区的改造项目应在2010年1月1日进行,因此对加油站油气回收系统的监测显得十分紧迫。