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961.
The Jianghan Plain and the Dongting lake area, located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River are famous for their abundant freshwater lakes. The lakes have undergone changes in size and number over thousands of years due to natural causes and human activities. The 20th century particularly, witnessed dramatic changes in the freshwater resources of this region. This paper traces and analyzes lake evolution in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River over the past century. Lakes greater than 0.1 km(2) in size are mapped using Geographic Information System. Data is acquired and integrated from drainage network maps, relief maps, historical maps and remotely sensed images for different time periods. The results indicate that while there has been little change in the number of lakes over the past century, the lake area has experienced a dramatic decrease of 58.06%. The paper also examines the natural processes and human activities that may have contributed to the decrease in lake area. The results show that the decrease in total lake area appears to coincide with periods of rapid land reclamation in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. Moreover, uncontrolled land reclamation activities can create an increase in sediment deposition in lakes thereby further reducing the lake size. Reduction of the lake area directly affects flood-control and has a negative ecological impact on the environment and on human life and property. 相似文献
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963.
针对三峡库区工业源污染排放量大,对库区水生态环境安全危害大的特点,以库区湖北段工业源为研究对象,采用实际监测和企业申报监测数据方式,辅以排污系数计算方法,统计分析了1995-2007年工业废水量和主要污染物COD的排放量,并采用灰色-马尔柯夫链模型预测2008-2020年的污染负荷.结果表明,自2005年以后,工业废水的排放量呈现逐渐下降的趋势,在2007年达到1 857.13万t,2008年以后逐渐增加.COD的排放量总体呈逐渐下降的趋势,只是在2001年出现上升,到2007年底COD的排放量为611.21 t.随着工业源污染物全防全控的加强,预计工业污染负荷会逐步减少. 相似文献
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965.
Particle-associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations were investigated at eight sampling sites during cold periods where heating is used (heating period) (February to March, 2005) and warm periods where heating is not required (non-heating periods) (August to September 2006) in the urban area of Anshan, an iron and steel city in northeastern China. Eleven PAH species were measured using GC-MS. The total average concentrations of PAHs ranged from 46.14 to 385.60 ng m(-3) in the heating period and from 5.28 to 146.40 ng m(-3) in the non-heating period. The lowest concentration of ∑PAHs was observed at Qianshan, a monitoring site far from the city and industrial area, and the highest concentration occurred in the site located at the factory area of Anshan Iron and Steel Incorporation. Moreover, ambient PAH profiles were studied and high molecular weight PAH (including 4-6 rings) species occurred in the high fractions. Toxic equivalent factors analysis gave the potential carcinogenic risks in Anshan. For the heating sampling period, BaP equivalent concentration is in the range of 41.98 to 220.83 ng m(-3), and 9.23 to 126.00 ng m(-3) for the non-heating sampling period. By diagnostic ratio analysis, traffic emission and combustion (coal or biomass) were potential sources for PAHs in Anshan. Finally, PCA results indicated the major sources were vehicle emission, steel industry emission, and coal combustion for both heating and non-heating seasons, which agreed with the results from the diagnostic ratio analysis. 相似文献
966.
Tracing sources of coal combustion using stable sulfur isotope ratios in epilithic mosses and coals from China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Xiao HY Tang CG Zhu RG Wang YL Xiao HW Liu CQ 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2011,13(8):2243-2249
In China, coal combustion is the most important source of atmospheric sulfur pollution. Moss sulfur isotopic signatures have been believed to hold source-specific information that can serve as a fingerprint to identify atmospheric sulfur sources. In cities where only local coals were combusted, we observed a good correspondence of average sulfur isotope ratios in urban mosses (Haplocladium microphyllum) to the values of local coals (δ(coals) = 1.455δ(mosses)- 3.945, R(2) = 0.975, p = 0.01). But if different types of coals were combusted, we did not know whether moss sulfur isotope ratios can indicate mixed coals. To confirm this, using a mixing model we estimated the ratios of imported coal to local coals at cities where both coals were used. We found that the estimated ratios at large cities (>1 million people) where both coals were used were similar to the reported ratios in their respective provinces. For small cities (<0.5 million people) in Jiangxi Province and other provinces, the estimated ratios were higher than the reported ratios because the relatively cheaper local coals were less used in all the small cities except in cities where local coal deposits were found nearby. The comparison results showed that moss sulfur isotope is a useful tool for indicating coal-derived sulfur even in cities where mixed coals were combusted. 相似文献
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968.
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970.
GIS技术在土地资源估价中的应用分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文主要分析了GIS技术的功能、概念、发展及基于该技术的土地估价信息系统的组成、功能和优越性。为土地估价提供了强有力的技术支持和科学依据 相似文献