硫酸锰废渣浸出液对斑马鱼的毒性及抗氧化酶活性的影响

已有研究表明,堆积在湘西花垣河河岸的硫酸锰废渣含有多种重金属,可能是导致花垣河河水和沉积物重金属污染的主要原因.为了评价硫酸锰废渣的潜在生态风险和对水生动物的毒性,本研究分析了硫酸锰废渣浸出液中的主要重金属成分,用漫出液对斑马鱼进行了急性毒性实验,观察在急性胁迫下斑马鱼的体征变化,测定了斑马鱼在亚致死浓度下的生化指标的...     

Sorption of DDTs on biofilms, suspended particles and river sediments: effects of heavy metals

The sorption by solid materials is one of the most important processes that affect the fate of hydrophobic organic pollutants in aquatic systems. Current studies focus on the sorption of hydrophobic pollutants by single natural solid material, whereas few studies compared the sorption behaviors of different solids. Furthermore, natural aquatic environment is a complex system where hydrophobic pollutants coexist with many other pollutants, but only limited studies reported the effects of coexisting components on the sorption. Here we studied the sorption of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) by three common solids in natural water, i.e., biofilms, suspended particles and sediments. The effects of typical coexisting heavy metals on the sorption were also examined. The results show that the sorption is described by a dual-mode sorption model. Compared with sediments, more DDTs were sorbed by biofilms and suspended particles. Coexisting Pb, Cd and Cu increased the sorption of DDTs on sediments while decreasing the sorption on biofilms slightly, with little effect on the sorption on suspended particles. The different sorption behaviors of the solids were mainly determined by the composition of the solids: more organics were observed in biofilms and suspended particles.     

外军皮肤防护器材化学防护性能测试与评价用标准物质研究进展

本文简迷了皮肤防护器材--化学防护服(衣)化学防护性能试验与评价用标准物质的重要性,系统地概述了外军化学防护服(衣)化学防护性能试验与评价用标准物质的研究现状,并提出了我国化学防护服(衣)防护性能试验与评价用标准物质研制过程中应注意的一些问题.     

Spectrophotometric determination of persulfate by oxidative decolorization of azo dyes for wastewater treatment

Persulfate can efficiently decolorize azo dyes through oxidizing these compounds, which enabled us to develop a method of rapid spectrophotometric determination of persulfate for monitoring the wastewater treatment on the basis of the oxidation decolorization of azo dyes. Four azo dyes with different molecular structures were investigated as probes, and the influences of operation parameters including reaction time, solution pH, initial dye concentration, and initial concentration of activator Fe(2+) were checked on the determination of persulfate. Under optimum conditions, the decolorization degree of the dyes responded linearly with persulfate concentration for all the four azo dyes, and the linear range and detection limit were found to be 2.0-150 μmol L(-1) and 0.62 μmol L(-1) for rhodamine B, 2.0-100 μmol L(-1) and 0.42 μmol L(-1) for methylene blue, 4.0-150 μmol L(-1) and 0.50 μmol L(-1) for methyl violet, and 20-150 μmol L(-1) and 8.1 μmol L(-1) for orange II. A persulfate treatment of a spiked wastewater sample was satisfactorily monitored with the new method.     

Ag3PO4掺杂g-C3N4催化剂的制备及其可见光催化降解含碘类造影剂性能

以沉淀-回流方法于磷酸银(Ag₃PO₄)中掺杂氮化碳(g-C₃N₄)制备新型复合光催化剂,同时采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射图(XRD)等手段对合成催化剂的形态特征、晶型结构以及物理化学性质进行表征.以碘帕醇(IPM)作为目标污染物,通过改变催化剂的使用条件考察了氙灯光照下催化剂对水溶液中含碘类造影剂(ICMs)的光催化降解性能,并且分析了催化氧化过程中可能的污染物降解途径以及转化产物.结果表明,合成后的催化剂结构稳定,相对于使用单一催化剂(Ag₃PO₄或g-C₃N₄)条件下,复合催化剂对ICMs的光降解性能都得到大幅度提升,经条件优化后,确定Ag₃PO₄与g-C₃N₄的质量比例为0.15∶0.1时降解效果最佳,但不可超过0.2∶0.1,且降解性能与催化剂的投加浓度呈正相关,浓度在0.75 ...     

浏阳河长沙段CODMn、NH3-N和TP综合降解系数研究

采用现场水团追踪法,研究了浏阳河长沙段COD_Mn、NH₃-N和TP的综合降解系数与河段水流流速之间的相关关系,并通过河段历史水文和水质监测数据对所建立的相关方程进行了验证.结果表明,浏阳河长沙段COD_Mn、NH₃-N和TP的综合降解系数与流速之间呈明显的线性相关关系,相关方程形式分别为K（COD_Mn）=0.037+0.635v、K（NH₃-N）=0.059+0.315v和K（TP）=0.004+0.140v.所建立的线性相关方程对研究河段COD_Mn、NH₃-N和TP浓度预测结果的决定系数均大于0.90、相对均方根误差均小于0.10.受风浪作用、紊动水流和弯道环流的影响,当流速小于0.35m/s时,顺直河段的污染物综合降解系数均大于弯曲河段的污染物综合降解系数;当流速大于0.46m/s时,弯曲河段污染物综合降解系数均大于顺直河段的污染物综合降解系数.研究成果对浏阳河长沙段水质管理与水环境保护具有重要的参考价值.     

螺形龟甲轮虫形态结构对环境变化的响应

以螺形龟甲轮虫为研究对象,于2015年7月至2018年12月,选取广东南澳岛及湖南常德中营养至中度富营养水体共14个样点进行采样,对螺形龟甲轮虫进行了形态特征测量分析.结果表明,水温是螺形龟甲轮虫形态变化最主要影响因子,且与背甲长、背甲宽、棘刺长度均呈显著负相关（P<0.01）.不同纬度条件下螺形龟甲轮虫形态参数差异显著,常德地区螺形龟甲轮虫个体显著大于南澳地区（P<0.05）.螺形龟甲轮虫形态存在显著季节性变化,各形态参数随季节波动呈现夏秋、冬春分化模式.螺形龟甲轮虫后棘刺长随水体营养程度增加而减小（F=159.4,P<0.01）,富营养条件下后棘刺长度占全长的比例减小（F=167.5,P<0.01）.研究结果表明,螺形龟甲轮虫棘刺长度可作为水质生物监测指标,并为研究全球气候变暖提供重要参考.     

Impact of meteorological condition changes on air quality and particulate chemical composition during the COVID-19 lockdown

Stringent quarantine measures during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown period (January 23, 2020 to March 15, 2020) have resulted in a distinct decrease in anthropogenic source emissions in North China Plain compared to the paralleled period of 2019. Particularly, 22.7% decrease in NO₂ and 3.0% increase of O₃ was observed in Tianjin, nonlinear relationship between O₃ generation and NO₂ implied that synergetic control of NO_x and VOCs is needed. Deteriorating meteorological condition during the COVID-19 lockdown obscured the actual PM_2.5 reduction. Fireworks transport in 2020 Spring Festival (SF) triggered regional haze pollution. PM_2.5 during the COVID-19 lockdown only reduced by 5.6% in Tianjin. Here we used the dispersion coefficient to normalize the measured PM_2.5 (DN-PM_2.5), aiming to eliminate the adverse meteorological impact and roughly estimate the actual PM_2.5 reduction, which reduced by 17.7% during the COVID-19 lockdown. In terms of PM_2.5 chemical composition, significant NO₃^? increase was observed during the COVID-19 lockdown. However, as a tracer of atmospheric oxidation capacity, odd oxygen (O_x = NO₂ + O₃) was observed to reduce during the COVID-19 lockdown, whereas relative humidity (RH), specific humidity and aerosol liquid water content (ALWC) were observed with noticeable enhancement. Nitrogen oxidation rate (NOR) was observed to increase at higher specific humidity and ALWC, especially in the haze episode occurred during 2020SF, high air humidity and obvious nitrate generation was observed. Anomalously enhanced air humidity may response for the nitrate increase during the COVID-19 lockdown period.     

控制回路的多维度性能评估方法研究

为评价炼化装置中各控制回路的性能,基于控制回路关键品质指标要求,采用控制回路的设定值、输出值、测量值、控制模式等过程参数设计了准确性指标、稳定性指标及快速性指标等性能评估指标。辅助技术人员在线进行控制回路性能评估,识别性能较差的控制回路,诊断异常原因并进行优化,提高装置的自动化水平。     

江苏油田生活污水生物处理技术述评

简介了生物处理生活污水的技术，对几种主要生物处理法进行了综合评价，并结合江苏油田生活污水生物处理的实践，综合分析了活性污泥法、生物转盘法、接触氧化法等三种主要生物处理技术，初步提出了中小规模生活污水处理场的设计标准，可供油田生活基地中小规模生活污水处理场设计时参考。