Risk to humans of consuming metals in anchovy (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Coilia</Emphasis> sp.) from the Yangtze River Delta

Concentrations of metals were determined in four species of anchovy (Coilia sp.) from the Yangtze River, Taihu Lake, and Hongze Lake in Jiangsu Province, China. Concentrations of Cr in anchovy fish muscle ranged from 2.6 × 10⁻² to 5.0 mg/kg ww, and Coilia nasus taihuensis in Jiaoshan, Taihu Lake contained the highest concentrations of Cr, which was almost 111-fold higher than the mean value at other locations. Concentrations of Pb ranged from 1.5 × 10⁻² to 1.3 × 10⁻¹ mg/kg ww. Comparisons of concentrations of lead (Pb) among the four species indicated that anadromous species contained higher concentrations of Pb than did freshwater species. However, concentrations of Pb in C. nasus from the Nanjing and Haimen locations in the Yangtze River were not significant higher than those of two freshwater species: C. nasus taihuensis from Taihu Lake and C. brachygnathus from Hongze Lake (Duncan’s test, α = 0.05). While concentrations of Cd and Zn ranged from 7.0 × 10⁻⁴ to 3.6 × 10⁻³ mg/kg ww and 3.4 to 4.8 mg/kg ww, respectively, there were no significant differences in concentrations among the eight locations. The only concentration of the metals studied that exceeded the Chinese National Standard was Cr in Coilia from Jiaoshan, Taihu Lake, which was 2.5-fold higher than the standard. These results indicate that people who consume the genus Coilia are not at risk due to concentrations of metals, except Cr in C. nasus taihuensis from Jiaoshan in Taihu Lake. Concentrations of all of the metals studied except for Cr were similar to or less than those of metals in most other areas in the world.     

TCP污染土壤的植物修复及其毒性评价

利用盆载试验研究了黑麦草(Lolium multiflorum L.)对2,4,6-三氯酚(TCP)污染土壤的修复作用及其植物毒性影响.结果表明,培养75 d后土壤中TCP的可提取态质量分数随着时间延长逐渐减少,黑麦草加快了土壤中可提取态TCP质量分数的下降.在TCP浓度为1,10,100 mg·kg-1的处理中,种植黑麦草的降解率分别是92.5%、78.2%、55.6%,无植物处理的降解率分别为56.3%、49.2%、37.5%.植物毒性试验结果发现,Lactuca sativa种子的根生长试验可以判断土壤毒性的变化,土壤毒性随着处理时间的延长,毒性降低,说明了植物修复的作用.TCP污染土壤的水提取液也存在毒性,TCP污染土壤有污染地下水和地表水的可能.Lactuca sativa的发芽率不能反映土壤的毒性变化规律,不宜作为评价TCP污染土壤的毒性指标.可见,种植黑麦草具有强化TCP污染土壤的修复作用,可通过促进黑麦草生长,增强土壤微生物活性,提高黑麦草修复TCP污染土壤的能力.     

曝气-絮凝处理垃圾渗滤液研究

通过现场处理 ,对垃圾渗滤液的曝气 -絮凝处理进行了研究。结果表明该方法对渗滤液的色度、COD、总磷去除率达 80 %以上 ,对氨氮去除率达 60 %以上。在此基础上提出了最优综合控制指标     

世纪之交的安全、卫生与环境--世界面临新挑战

自从1955年在罗马召开了首届世界职业安全与卫生大会以来,世界范围内的职业安全与卫生已越来越引起人们高度的重视,国际劳工组织(ILO)和国际社会保障协会(ISSA)对每一次大会都十分关注。20世纪末的最后一届大会在巴西召开,大会讨论了国际社会共同关注的问题和人类未来将遇到的挑战,即人类共同生存的环境与安全如何更美好。 大会的主题是："安全、卫生与环境--全球的挑战"。 权威人士认为世纪之交之际是国与国之间相互依存这样一种从未有过的历史时刻,讨论职业安全卫生与环境极为重要。当前,经济全球化和竞争的加剧提出对生命质量新的条件因素和对生命质量提高的新挑战,经济全球化造成新的风险,也使各国相互交流经验成为可能。     

论聚烯烃裂解反应中的油化效果增强效应

在废旧聚烯烃的裂解反应中,聚丙烯的存在,可以提高轻油馏份的收率,增强反应的油化效果,本文称之为聚烯烃裂解反应的增强效应。本文讨论了增强效应产生的机理,可为废旧塑料裂解油化技术的研究和开发提供参考。     

散射光下铁(Ⅲ)-丙酮酸盐配合物还原铬(Ⅵ)的研究

研究了在散射光下铁（Ⅲ）-丙酮酸盐配合物对铬（Ⅵ）的光还原反应;考察了溶液pH、铁（Ⅲ）、丙酮酸钠、铬（Ⅵ）浓度对反应的影响;分析了铬（Ⅵ）光还原反应的动力学。实验结果表明：铁（Ⅲ）-丙酮酸盐配合物体系能在较弱的散射光下还原铬（Ⅵ）。在铬（Ⅵ）浓度为19．2μmol／L、铁（Ⅲ）浓度为10．0μmol／L、丙酮酸钠浓度为240μmol／L、pH为3．0、光照240min的条件下,铬（Ⅵ）的还原率达到99．7％。从表观动力学方程的反应级数看,铁（Ⅲ）的级数（0．83）最高,铁（Ⅲ）浓度是影响铬（Ⅵ）光还原反廊速率的主要因素．铁（Ⅱ）是铬（Ⅵ）光还原的主要还原剂。     

双酚F对斑马鱼早期生命阶段内分泌干扰效应研究

双酚A(bisphenol,BPA)的内分泌干扰性导致许多国家出台了管控措施,双酚F(bisphenol F,BPF)作为其替代物被大量使用,并广泛存在于水体和食品中,导致人群和野生动物长期处于其慢性暴露过程中,可能会威胁人类和生态健康.以斑马鱼胚胎为研究模型,将其暴露于不同浓度的BPF中至受精后144 h(hours...     

Identification of potential electrotrophic microbial community in paddy soils by enrichment of microbial electrolysis cell biocathodes

Electrotrophs are microbes that can receive electrons directly from cathode in a microbial electrolysis cell(MEC).They not only participate in organic biosynthesis,but also be crucial in cathode-based bioremediation.However,little is known about the electrotrophic community in paddy soils.Here,the putative electrotrophs were enriched by cathodes of MECs constructed from five paddy soils with various properties using bicarbonate as an electron acceptor,and identified by 16 S rRNA-gene based Illum...     

Information system with multiple data layer approach to select the C&D waste landfilling infrastructure

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Landfilling is a critical method in managing massive generated C&amp;D waste, and the appropriate selection of C&amp;D waste landfill sites...     

湖南省基本公共服务质量的时空分异与影响因素

基本公共服务质量是地区或城市经济发展水平与社会文明程度的重要表征。通过构建基本公共服务质量指标评价体系,运用变异系数、ESDA和空间杜宾模型研究了2008～2017年湖南省基本公共服务质量的时空分异与空间效应。结果表明:(1)2008～2017年湖南省各市(州)基本公共服务水平呈不同程度的上升趋势,但整体水平不高;空间格局上呈自东向西衰减的半环带结构。(2)基本公共服务在市际上具有显著全局与局部自相关特征,随时间呈"集聚-分散-集聚"的演变模式;H-H集聚与L-L集聚空间俱乐部趋同特征明显。(3)空间杜宾模型检验表明湖南省基本公共服务空间上存在溢出效应;城镇化水平、对外开放程度、财政支出能力和经济发展活力对基本公共服务具有正向促进作用。