论SSP范式在环境保护结构绩效分析中的应用--以体制转型时期为例的研究

文章是将美国经济学家A.爱伦·斯密德的SSP分析范式运用于环境保护结构绩效研究的一次新的尝试.首先指出了斯密德的SSP范式与以往环境保护绩效研究工具的不同之处,适时给出了将SSP范式运用于环境保护结构绩效分析的几个理由.最后,本文将SSP范式运用于我国体制转型时期环境保护结构绩效的分析.     

野生与栽培大别山五针松小枝功能性状变异特征

木本植物小枝功能性状及其变异性是反映植物环境适应性的重要指标。濒危植物大别山五针松(Pinus dabeshanensis)野生型和栽培型种群长期生长在不同生境，其小枝功能性状是否具有显著差异性尚不清楚。以安徽岳西县和金寨县大别山区分布的2个野生和2个栽培种群为研究对象，通过野外调查取样对比分析了不同种群小枝形态、生物量及含水量等12个功能性状的差异性及其协变特征。结果表明：小枝性状变异系数在0.054~0.419之间，野生型一般高于栽培型。小枝性状在不同种群间均有显著差异，其中栽培幼株小枝的茎直径、茎截面积、分枝数、胸径、针叶长度、茎生物量和小枝总生物量均最低，但其茎长和叶茎比最大；栽培成株的茎直径、截面积及茎、叶含水量最高；岳西野生型植株小枝最短而其他性状处中等水平；金寨野生型植株针叶最长但茎含水量、叶生物量及叶茎比最小。不同种群小枝性状协变特征不尽相同，但有8个性状在不同种群间表现出相同的协变趋势。因此，不同生境下大别山五针松小枝功能性状虽然具有较强的变异性，但其协变关系具有一定的种内保守性。     

“5.12”汶川地震极重灾区灾后 十年生态恢复状况评估

汶川地震发生10年后，通过对极重灾区生态系统类型解译和地面植被样方调查， GPP、LAI反演，以及对土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾和速效氮、速效磷、速效钾含量的测定与分析，综合评估了极重灾区植被和土壤恢复情况。结果表明：区域生态系统总体趋于稳定向好的恢复态势。2017年的裸露地表面积虽高于震前（2007年），但相对于震后（2008年后）已有所减少。从生态系统质量上来看：GPP、LAI均值在2014年以后呈持续缓慢上升状态，反映了区域生态系统总体良好的恢复力。但是部分在地震中损坏的森林生态系统，仍未恢复到原来状态。成都平原区域部分农田转变为城镇建设用地。至2017年，地震破坏迹地植物种类明显增加。但仍以蔷薇科、菊科和禾本科等先锋物种为主，与2009年的调查结果相似。地震破坏迹地的群落结构已得到了较好的恢复。垂直分层方面，除干旱河谷区域群落结构仅草本或灌草结合1个层次外，其余区域的群落结构已经形成乔木-灌木-草本3个层次；土壤肥力状况总体上对照点优于受损点，受损点土壤肥力状况仍呈恶化状态。地震造成的土壤裸露，加速了矿化过程，短期内受损点速效营养元素含量的增加，长期来看将导致营养元素的流失，土壤肥力下降。在加强地质灾害监管，预防次生灾害的基础上，龙门山前华西雨屏一带，自然植被应坚持自然恢复为主。干旱河谷区域可以按照“因地制宜，适地适树”原则，采取适当人工恢复措施，同时注意改善土壤养分条件，促进植被恢复；城镇建设过程中应加强国土空间管控，保护基本农田。同时，应加强对生态保护红线，以及包括基本农田在内的各级各类保护地的监管。     

Analysis of China''s Water Security and Virtual Water Trade

Producing goods and services all needs water consumption. The water used in the process of an agricultural or industrial product is called the "Virtual Water" contained in this product.Through international trade, water-scarce countries and regions could purchase water-intensive products--especially foods, from water-rich countries to balance their water deficits and achieve water safety. China is one of the 13 most water-deficit countries whose water safety have been severely challenged. This paper generalized the recent global research development and made a brief introduction about the methods calculating virtual water content in specific products. As a case study, we qualified China's annual virtual water flows from year 2000 to 2002 with trade in crops, and ended with some policy advice for application and practice of virtual water strategy.     

Ecotourism Model and Benefits of Periphery Regions in Western Sichuan Province

There are many problems in the minority regions of western Sichuan Province, such as serious soil erosion, fragile ecological environment, low levels of economy and so on. Ad-vantages of tourism resources in the "periphery regions" should be fully utilized, and "multi-tourism" meets the characteristics and present situation of the minority regions. The "multi-tourism de-velopment model" can exert the functions of tourism as the key industry. Based on the demands and the internal linkages among different industries, the model can accelerate the development of related-industries, such as eco-agriculture, eco-industry and so on. Through implementing the multi-tourism model, we can fully utilize the advantages of the periphery regions and promote the sustainable development of regional economy.     

济南市大气颗粒物特征及来源的研究

在济南市区设11个点位,在不同季节采集大气颗粒物,其中五个点位用六级串级式采样器采集飘尘样。样品分析了40多种元素、非金属和有机物,并分析了不同粒径中苯并(a)芘含量。应用富集因子计算并提出富集值大干5(EF>5)为污染富集的论点;摸清了济南大气颗粒物的理化特征及粒径分布规律;用化学质量平衡(CMB_7)法探寻了颗粒物来源。     

基于GIS的城市环境工程地质质量模糊评价 --以陕西略阳城区为例

通过对陕西略阳城区地质背景和环境工程地质问题的分析和研究,将影响城市环境工程地质综合质量的要素概括为动力地质作用、斜坡稳定性、岩土体地基特征、水文地质特征及人类活动强度等5大类。为尽可能实现多因素的影响和评价因子的量化,将评价因子划分为3级;根据评价因子与人类活动特征的相互影响关系,将评价因子划分为3类,即敏感因子、重要因子和一般因子,建立了质量评价指标体系,并确定了质量评价标准。在GIS支持下,建立了城市环境工程地质质量评价因子数据库。利用GIS空间栅格叠加分析功能。采用3级模糊综合评判方法对略阳城区环境工程地质质量现状进行了综合评价,编制了环境工程地质质量现状综合评价图。     

Influence of hydroxypropylcyclodextrins on the toxicity of mixtures

We studied the influence of hydroxypropylcyclodextrins (HPCDs) on the toxicity of some mixtures. Using the Photobacterium phosphoreum toxicity test, the joint toxicological effect for Mixture I (containing p-nitrobenzaldehyde and 1-nitronaphthalene) and Mixture II (containing p-nitrobenzaldehyde and malononitrile) were determined in water and in aqueous solutions of HPCDs. The results indicate that, although the toxicological joint effect for Mixture I (simple addition) differs from that of Mixture II (synergism), alpha- and beta-HPCD can significantly reduce the toxicity of the test compounds, whereas gamma-HPCD has only a slight effect. Explanations for these observations are given that invoke the molecular structure of the individual chemicals as well as the structures of HPCDs. This provides information to assist the application of HPCDs in remediation of environmental pollution.     

耕地不同产量水平的面积与分布监测法

查清中低产田的面积、分布与开发条件是制定农业综台开发规划的重要依据。采用按公里网布设的农业资源动态监测系统,开展对耕地不同产量水平的面积与分布的动态监测,其方法具有准确、简便和实用的特点。     

Biosorption of Cu2+ from aqueous solutions by pretreated Cladosporium sp

In this paper, adsorption properties of a pretreated of Cladosporium sp. for Cu2 were studied. The fungi pretreated with some chemical reagents exhibited higher Cu2+ removal capacities than native biomass. The optimum chemical reagent was 0.2M NaOH. After 0.2M NaOH pretreatment, optimum conditions of biosorption were found to be pH 5.0, temperature 35 degrees C, and stirring speed of 100rpm. Equilibrium isotherms were obtained from adsorption experiments and the biosorption maximun capacity obtained was at 28.31mg/g. The biosorbed metal ions were effectively eluted by 0.05M HNO3 solution. After eluting, the biosorbed metal ions biomass was regenerated by washing with deionized water and then contacted with a solution containing 0. 1M of Ca2+, Mg2+ ions before further adsorption tests. The pretreated fungi biomass could be used for three cycles: biosorption, elution of biosorbed ion, regeneration of biomass.