排序方式: 共有36条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Ebba Brink Christine Wamsler Maria Adolfsson Monica Axelsson Thomas Beery Helena Björn Torleif Bramryd Nils Ekelund Therese Jephson Widar Narvelo Barry Ness K. Ingemar Jönsson Thomas Palo Magnus Sjeldrup Sanna Stålhammar Geraldine Thiere 《Sustainability Science》2018,13(3):765-784
Transdisciplinary research and collaboration is widely acknowledged as a critical success factor for solution-oriented approaches that can tackle complex sustainability challenges, such as biodiversity loss, pollution, and climate-related hazards. In this context, city governments’ engagement in transdisciplinarity is generally seen as a key condition for societal transformation towards sustainability. However, empirical evidence is rare. This paper presents a self-assessment of a joint research project on ecosystem services and climate adaptation planning (ECOSIMP) undertaken by four universities and seven Swedish municipalities. We apply a set of design principles and guiding questions for transdisciplinary sustainability projects and, on this basis, identify key aspects for supporting university–municipality collaboration. We show that: (1) selecting the number and type of project stakeholders requires more explicit consideration of the purpose of societal actors’ participation; (2) concrete, interim benefits for participating practitioners and organisations need to be continuously discussed; (3) promoting the ‘inter’, i.e., interdisciplinary and inter-city learning, can support transdisciplinarity and, ultimately, urban sustainability and long-term change. In this context, we found that design principles for transdisciplinarity have the potential to (4) mitigate project shortcomings, even when transdisciplinarity is not an explicit aim, and (5) address differences and allow new voices to be heard. We propose additional guiding questions to address shortcomings and inspire reflexivity in transdisciplinary projects. 相似文献
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固体火箭发动机沿海环境适应性分析 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
为提高导弹武器环境适应性,针对沿海地区的气候环境特点,分析了高温、高湿、湿热、盐雾、霉菌和辐射等典型环境条件对固体火箭发动机薄弱环节的影响,结合研制和作战使用的实际,提出了改进导弹武器装备沿海环境适应性的方法. 相似文献
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依法发展再生资源产业——对《再生资源回收管理办法》的解读与思考 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
依法发展再生资源产业是推行循环经济的必然要求。解读《再生资源回收管理办法,》认为实现再生资源产业的全面发展,还需建立健全再生资源法律体系。 相似文献
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Intergenerational impartiality requires putting the welfare of future generations at par with that of our own. However, rational choice requires weighting all welfare values by the respective probabilities of realization. As the risk of non-survival of mankind is strictly positive for all time periods and as the probability of non-survival is cumulative, the probability weights operate like discount factors, though justified on a morally justifiable and completely different ground. Impartial intertemporal welfare maximization is acceptable, though the welfare of people in the very far future has lower effects as the probabilities of their existence are also lower. However, the effective discount rate on future welfare values (distinct from monetary values) justified on this ground is likely to be less than 0.1 per annum. Such discounting does not compromise environmental protection and sustainability unduly. The finiteness of our universe implies that the sum of our expected welfare to infinity remains finite, solving the paradox of having to compare different infinite values in optimal growth/conservation theories. 相似文献
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Biodegradation of 4-nonylphenol in seawater and sediment 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
Ekelund R Granmo A Magnusson K Berggren M Bergman A 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》1993,79(1):59-61
Biodegradation of 14C-labelled nonylphenol at the concentration 11 microg litre (-1) in seawater has been estimated by collection and quantification of the formed labelled carbon dioxide. Initially degradation was very slow but when the microorganisms had become adapted, after four weeks at 11 degrees C, the degradation rate increased rapidly and after 58 days about 50% of 14C from NP was found in the CO2 fraction. In the presence of sediment the initial degradation rate was high and did not increase after longer incubation. Lack of oxygen reduced the degradation rate by half in the presence of sediment. 相似文献
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The mechanism of flow turbulence, sediment supply conditions, and sediment transport patterns that affect the adsorption of cadmium ions onto sediment particles in natural waters are experimentally simulated and studied in this study both in batch reactors and in a turbulence simulation tank. By changing the agitation conditions, the sediment transport in batch reactors can be categorized into bottom sediment-dominated sediment and suspended sediment-dominated sediment. It is found that the adsorption rate of bottom sediment is much less than that of suspended sediment, but the sediment transport pattern does not affect the final (equilibrium) concentration of dissolved cadmium. This result indicates that the parameters of an adsorption isotherm are the same regardless of the sediment transport pattern. In the turbulence simulation tank, the turbulence is generated by harmonic grid-stirred motions, and the turbulence intensity is quantified in terms of eddy diffusivity, which is equal to 9.84F(F is the harmonic vibration frequency) and is comparable to natural surface water conditions.When the turbulence intensity of flow is low and sediment particles stay as bottom sediment, the adsorption rate is significantly low, and the adsorption quantity compared with that of suspended sediment is negligible in the 6 h duration of the experiment. This result greatly favors the simplification of the numerical modeling of heavy metal pollutant transformation in natural rivers. When the turbulence intensity is high but bottom sediment persists, the rate and extent of descent of the dissolved cadmium concentration in the tank noticeably increase, and the time that is required to reach adsorption equilibrium also increases considerably due to the continuous exchange that occurs between the suspended sediment and the bottom sediment.A comparison of the results of the experiments in the batch reactor and those in the turbulence simulation tank reveals that the adsorption ability of the sediment, and in particular the adsorption rate, is greatly over-estimated in the batch reactor. 相似文献
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Effects of sludge-amendment on mineralization of pyrene and microorganisms in sludge and soil. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Hydrophobic contaminants sorb to sludge in wastewater treatment plants and enter the soil environment when the sludge is applied to agricultural fields. The mineralization of pyrene was examined in soil, in sludge mixed homogeneously into soil, and in sludge-soil systems containing a lump of sludge. Sludge-amendment enhanced the mineralization of pyrene in the soil compared to soil without sludge, and the most extensive mineralization was observed when the sludge was kept in a lump. The number of protozoa, heterotrophic bacteria and pyrene-mineralizing bacteria was much higher in the sludge compared to the soil. The amendment of sludge did not affect the number of protozoa and bacteria in the surrounding soil, which indicated that organic contaminants in the sludge had a little effect on the number of protozoa and bacteria in the surrounding soil. 相似文献
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CHEUK FAN NG 《Journal of environmental psychology》2000,20(4):375
Noise pollution is an environmental problem in cities. Although recent field research has focused on transportation noises, the effects of exposure to building construction noise have not been studied. In a quasi-experiment, residents of a three-wing residence hall for female students located near a construction site served as subjects in three comparison groups. Information about their personal characteristics and perceived effects of construction noise on studying and other behaviours were gathered in a questionnaire (n=94) and an activity log (n=14). In addition, sound level measurements and records of resident turnover and systematic observations of windows open or closed were analysed. As expected, the results of chi-square tests, one-way ANOVAs and MANOVAs show significant wing effects (p<0·05) on frequency heard, distractability, and several perceived behavioural effects, such as being awakened, difficulty with relaxation and studying-related activities, and interference with conversation and television-watching. These effects were significantly more severe for residents closest to the construction site than those further away. Residents coped with noise by speaking louder, keeping windows closed, and leaving the room. 相似文献