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431.
Vasilyeva Galina K. Kondrashina Victoria S. Strijakova Elena R. Pinsky David L. 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2022,44(2):433-445
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Phyto- and bioremediation are perspective methods for soil recultivation. In spite of resistance of plant-hyperaccumulators and degrading microorganisms to... 相似文献
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Large-scale biodiversity patterns in freshwater phytoplankton 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Our planet shows striking gradients in the species richness of plants and animals, from high biodiversity in the tropics to low biodiversity in polar and high-mountain regions. Recently, similar patterns have been described for some groups of microorganisms, but the large-scale biogeographical distribution of freshwater phytoplankton diversity is still largely unknown. We examined the species diversity of freshwater phytoplankton sampled from 540 lakes and reservoirs distributed across the continental United States and found strong latitudinal, longitudinal, and altitudinal gradients in phytoplankton biodiversity, demonstrating that microorganisms can show substantial geographic variation in biodiversity. Detailed analysis using structural equation models indicated that these large-scale biodiversity gradients in freshwater phytoplankton diversity were mainly driven by local environmental factors, although there were residual direct effects of latitude, longitude, and altitude as well. Specifically, we found that phytoplankton species richness was an increasing saturating function of lake chlorophyll a concentration, increased with lake surface area and possibly increased with water temperature, resembling effects of productivity, habitat area, and temperature on diversity patterns commonly observed for macroorganisms. In turn, these local environmental factors varied along latitudinal, longitudinal, and altitudinal gradients. These results imply that changes in land use or climate that affect these local environmental factors are likely to have major impacts on large-scale biodiversity patterns of freshwater phytoplankton. 相似文献
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Efremova KO Volodin IA Volodina EV Frey R Lapshina EN Soldatova NV 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2011,98(11):919-931
In goitred gazelles (Gazella subgutturosa), sexual dimorphism of larynx size and position is reminiscent of the case in humans, suggesting shared features of vocal
ontogenesis in both species. This study investigates the ontogeny of nasal and oral calls in 23 (10 male and 13 female) individually
identified goitred gazelles from shortly after birth up to adolescence. The fundamental frequency (f0) and formants were measured
as the acoustic correlates of the developing sexual dimorphism. Settings for LPC analysis of formants were based on anatomical
dissections of 5 specimens. Along ontogenesis, compared to females, male f0 was consistently lower both in oral and nasal
calls and male formants were lower in oral calls, whereas the first two formants of nasal calls did not differ between sexes.
In goitred gazelles, significant sex differences in f0 and formants appeared as early as the second week of life, while in
humans they emerge only before puberty. This result suggests different pathways of vocal ontogenesis in the goitred gazelles
and in humans. 相似文献
435.
M. Tchebakova Nadezda E. Rehfeldt Gerald I. Parfenova Elena 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2006,11(4):861-882
Inter- and intraspecific effects of climate change were assessed for the dominant conifers of Siberia (60–140∘E and 48–75∘N): Larix spp. (L. sibirica, L. dahurica, and L. sukaczewii) and Pinus sylvestris
. The approach employed a tri-variate (degree-days above 5 ∘C, degree-days below 0 ∘C, and a moisture index) estimate of the climatic envelope within which exists the actual ecological distribution of a species
and their constituent climatypes (genotypes physiologically attuned to similar environments). Limits of the actual ecological
distribution were approximated by reducing the climatic envelope according to effects of permafrost and interspecific competition.
Climatypes were mapped within the climatic envelope according to the climatic interval that must separate populations for
reasonable assurance of genetic differentiation. This interval was calculated from response functions that related 13-year
growth and survival of a species to the difference in climate between the provenance of a climatype and the climate of numerous
test sites distributed across Russia. Mapping species' distributions and their climatypes was done for the contemporary climate
and for future climates predicted by the HadCM3GGa1 scenario of Hadley Centre.
The results showed that if the forests of the future are to reflect the adaptedness of today, the distribution of species
will shift and genotypes within species will be redistributed. Some contemporary climatypes are projected to disappear from
Siberia while others common elsewhere would evolve. To mitigate these effects, climatypes should be transferred today to the
expected future location of their climatic optima, a distance that is likely to approach 700–1200 km for these species. 相似文献
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Olivier R Staudt M Lavoir AV Ormeño E Rizvi SH Baldy V Rivoal A Greff S Lecareux C Fernandez C 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(4):963-969
Monoterpene emissions of Quercus coccifera L. were repeatedly measured during the two years following the spreading of a sewage sludge compost at rates of 50 Mg ha−1 and 100 Mg ha−1, in a twelve-year-old post-fire Mediterranean shrubland. We also monitored the patterns of change in soil and leaf nutrient content, plant water potential, chlorophyll fluorescence, and plant growth. Compost spreading resulted in weak changes in leaf nutrient content and plant water status, and therefore no significant effect on monoterpene emissions at leaf scale, except during one summer sampling, probably related to advanced leaf maturity with the highest compost rate. However, compost increased plant growth, particularly the leaf biomass. The results suggest that compost spreading in Mediterranean shrublands has no strong short-term effect on Q. coccifera monoterpene emissions at leaf level, but may indirectly increase volatile organic compound fluxes at the stand scale, which may contribute to regional ozone pollution. 相似文献
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