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21.
In recent years, Turkey has experienced rapid economic and population growth coupled with both an equally rapid increase in
energy consumption and a vast disparity in welfare between socioeconomic groups and regions. In turn, these pressures have
accelerated the destruction of productive, assimilative, and regenerative capacities of the ecosystems, which are essential
for the well-being of the people and the economy. This paper describes the structure and function of major ecosystem types
in Turkey and discusses the underlying causes of environmental degradation in the framework of economy, energy, environment,
and ethics. From a national perspective, this paper suggests three sustainability-based policies necessary for Turkey's long-term
interests that balance economic, environmental, and energy goals: (1) decoupling economic growth from energy consumption growth
through the development of energy-efficient and renewable energy technologies; (2) linking economic efficiency and distributive
justice of wealth and power through distributive and participatory public policies; and (3) integrating the economic and ecological
systems through the internalization of externalities and ecosystem rehabilitation. 相似文献
22.
Killi F 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2004,25(4):395-398
The present study was conducted to determine the effects of soaking in potassium humate (PH) solution (55% humic acid, 30% fulvic acid and 8% potassium hydroxide) and distilled water (DW) for different periods (0, 4, 8 and 16 hours) on germination characteristics of undelinted seeds of cotton cv Ersan-92. Radicle, hypocotyl and seedling length, radicle and hypocotyl elongation rate and vigor index increased by PH solution treatment and increasing soaking periods. The medium x soaking period interactions were significant except for germination percentage. Sixteen hour soaking period gave the highest values of investigated characteristics. It is suggested that pre-sowing PH solution treatment may be useful to provide a good stand establishment. 相似文献
23.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Not only the steadily growing demand for electricity generation but also the environmental concerns in recent years have led to the belief in the... 相似文献
24.
Mehmet H. Sonmete Can Ertekin Hakan O. Menges Haydar Hac?sefero?ullari Fatih Evrendilek 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,175(1-4):251-277
Solar radiation data are required by solar engineers, architects, agriculturists, and hydrologists for many applications such as solar heating, cooking, drying, and interior illumination of buildings. In order to achieve this, numerous empirical models have been developed all over the world to predict solar radiation. The main objective of this study is to examine and compare 147 solar radiation models available in the literature for the prediction of monthly solar radiation at Ankara (Turkey) based on selected statistical measures such as percentage error, mean percentage error, root mean square error, mean bias error, and correlation coefficient. Our results showed that Ball et al. (Agron J 96:391?C397, 2004) model and Chen et al. (Energy Convers Manag 47:2859?C2866, 2006) model performed best in the estimation of solar radiation on a horizontal surface for Ankara. 相似文献
25.
Sandbars are critical to the cross-shore movement of sediment. Prediction of cross-shore sandbar volumes requires knowledge about the functional relationship of sediment transport rate conditions with waves, currents, base slope, sediment property and water depth. In this study, experiments on cross- shore sediment transport were carried out in a laboratory wave channel for initial base slopes of 1/8, 1/10 and 1/15. Using regular waves with different deep-water wave steepness generated by a pedal-type wave generator, bar volumes caused by cross-shore sediment transport are investigated for beach materials with the medium diameter of d50?=?0.25, 0.32, 0.45, 0.62 and 0.80 mm. A non-dimensional equation for sandbar volume was obtained by using linear and non-linear regression methods through the experimental data and was compared with previously developed equations in the literature. The results have shown that the experimental data fitted well to the proposed equation with respect to the previously developed equations. 相似文献
26.
Fatih Doğan Koca Dilek Demirezen Yilmaz Fatih Duman Ismail Ocsoy 《Chemistry and Ecology》2018,34(9):839-853
This study aims to investigate the phytotoxic effects of both Punica granatum peel extract directed copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) and copper nitrate on Elodea canadensis. The CuONPs were characterised by UV–visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy. The ratio of photosynthetic pigments, total soluble protein, malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and copper accumulation in the E. canadensis was determined to evaluate the phytotoxicity of the CuONPs and copper nitrate on E. canadensis. The significant improvements were observed in the growth rate of E. canadensis, chlorophyll a and b, carotenoid contents, and total soluble protein in the E. canadensis when it was exposed to the CuONPs. Additionally, CAT and APX activities and MDA contents were enhanced by accumulation of the CuONPs into the E. canadensis. These results suggested that oxidative stress was alleviated, owing to the result of an increase in the antioxidants such as CAT and APX, with an increase in the concentration of the CuONPs. Finally, the findings of this study show that copper nitrate has many negative effects on E. canadensis compared bio-synthesised CuONPs. 相似文献
27.
This paper was focused on the biosorption of phosphate ions from aqueous solution onto the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) modified multi-component biosorbent composed of pine, oak, hornbeam and fir sawdust biomasses. A series of batch tests were conducted and the effects of solution pH, ion concentration, quantity of biosorbent and contact time on the bioremoval of phosphate ions were investigated. The biosorption data of kinetic and equilibrium were modeled using various mathematical equations. The phosphate removal increased with increased ion concentration and decreased with increased pH and biosorbent quantity values. The equilibrium state was reached within 120 min of exposure time. The process kinetics was best described by Elovich model while the isotherm data of biosorption best obeyed Freundlich equation. The obtained results revealed that the use of CTAB modified mix sawdust biosorbent presented interesting options for bioremediation of contaminated environments and waste recycling (as nutrient fertilizer and compost material). 相似文献
28.
This paper evaluates the effects of long-range transport patterns of air masses to the regional PM profile in a megacity, Istanbul, Turkey. Five-day hourly backward trajectories were obtained by the HYSPLIT model for selected episodic events in 2008. Self Organizing Maps (SOM), a very powerful classification tool, was used to cluster these trajectories. In total, eight cluster groups were obtained. All of the clusters were evaluated with respect to inhalable particulate matter (PM10) concentrations observed in Istanbul for the arrival times of the trajectories. Istanbul is generally under the effect of trajectories in three clusters (1, 2 and 4) (52% of all pre-selected episodic events), which have higher mean concentration values than the mean value of all the samples. These clusters typically make significant PM contributions to Istanbul's air quality. PM loadings of the trajectories in these clusters were attributed to massive anthropogenic activity over all of Europe and southwestern air flow most likely carrying PM10 atmospheric particles originating from the Saharan Desert and other global dust generation regions located in the northern part of Africa. 相似文献
29.
Cheol-Hee Lee Mi-Kyung Jeong M. Fatih Kilicaslan Jong-Hyeon Lee Hyun-Seon Hong Soon-Jik Hong 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2013,33(3):730-734
In this study, a method which is environmentally sound, time and energy efficient has been used for recovery of indium from used liquid crystal display (LCD) panels. In this method, indium tin oxide (ITO) glass was crushed to micron size particles in seconds via high energy ball milling (HEBM). The parameters affecting the amount of dissolved indium such as milling time, particle size, effect time of acid solution, amount of HCl in the acid solution were tried to be optimized. The results show that by crushing ITO glass to micron size particles by HEBM, it is possible to extract higher amount of indium at room temperature than that by conventional methods using only conventional shredding machines. In this study, 86% of indium which exists in raw materials was recovered about in a very short time. 相似文献
30.
Environmental Modeling & Assessment - Olive mill wastewater (OMW) is classified as highly pollutant-containing wastewater that must be treated to an acceptable level before being discharged... 相似文献