鸭绿江口的溶解无机氮

本文讨论了１９９６年５月鸭绿江溶解无机氮的含量和分布变化特征，并同其他一些河口作了比较，鸭绿江口ＮＯ３－Ｎ，ＮＯ２－Ｎ，ＮＨ４－Ｎ的平均含量分别为５０．３．０．４５和３．０５μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，而丹东上游鸭绿江支流瑗河下降的溶解无机氮浓度很高，达２０３．４μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，主要由农业施用氮肥大量从耕用地中流失所致。     

Significant tipping points of sediment microeukaryotes forewarn increasing antibiotic pollution

Antibiotic pollution imposes urgent threats to public health and microbial-mediated ecological processes. Existing studies have primarily focused on bacterial responses to antibiotic pollution, but they ignored the microeukaryotic counterpart, though microeukaryotes are functionally important (e.g., predators and saprophytes) in microbial ecology. Herein, we explored how the assembly of sediment microeukaryotes was affected by increasing antibiotic pollution at the inlet (control) and across the outlet sites along a shrimp wastewater discharge channel. The structures of sediment microeukaryotic community were substantially altered by the increasing nutrient and antibiotic pollutions, which were primarily controlled by the direct effects of phosphate and ammonium (−0.645 and 0.507, respectively). In addition, tetracyclines exerted a large effect (0.209), including direct effect (0.326) and indirect effect (−0.117), on the microeukaryotic assembly. On the contrary, the fungal subcommunity was relatively resistant to antibiotic pollution. Segmented analysis depicted nonlinear responses of microeukaryotic genera to the antibiotic pollution gradient, as supported by the significant tipping points. We screened 30 antibiotic concentration-discriminatory taxa of microeukaryotes, which can quantitatively and accurately predict (98.7% accuracy) the in-situ antibiotic concentration. Sediment microeukaryotic (except fungal) community is sensitive to antibiotic pollution, and the identified bioindicators could be used for antibiotic pollution diagnosis.     

产耐温蛋白酶苏云金芽孢杆菌FS140液体发酵条件优化

应用快速有效的数学统计方法对苏云金芽孢菌FS140耐温蛋白酶的发酵条件进行优化.首先采用二水平Plackett-Burman设计对影响产酶的8因素进行筛选,获得培养基成分中3个重要影响的因子:黄豆饼粉、酵母粉、葡萄糖;再利用响应面分析法对该3个因素进行3水平的优化,获得它们的最佳组合:黄豆饼粉1.8%、酵母粉0.36%、葡萄糖0.14%.优化后产酶水平达到837.71U mL-1,与响应面数学模型的预测值只有1.34%的误差.同时进行了发酵温度、初始pH、摇瓶装量与接种量等发酵条件的优化,FS140最终发酵产酶水平达918.91U mL-1.图2表5参14     

ABR-SBR工艺处理高浓度纤维板有机有毒废水

从工程实例介绍折排流式厌氧反应器 (ABR)工艺与间歇式活性污泥反应器 (SBR)工艺在处理干法纤维板废水处理中的应用 ,从中可以看出 ,ABR与SBR在处理高浓度有毒有机废水方面具有很好的应用前景     

Feasibility study of photoelectrochemical degradation of methylene blue with three-dimensional electrode-photocatalytic reactor

The photoelectrochemical degradation of methylene blue in aqueous solution was investigated with three-dimensional electrode-photocatalytic reactor. It was found that the methylene blue could be degraded more efficiently by photoelectrochemical process than by photocatalytic oxidation or electrochemical oxidation alone. The decolorization efficiency and COD reduction were 95% and 87% for a photoelectrochemical process, respectively, while they were only 78% and 68% for a single electrochemical process and 89% and 71% for a single photochemical process. The TOC reduction of the former also reached as high as about 81% within a reaction time of 30.0 min. And these degradation reactions conformed to pseudo-first-order kinetics.     

超声与碱耦合作用破解剩余污泥的效能分析

超声与碱耦合方法破解污泥,可破坏污泥絮体结构,使污泥胞内外物质进入水相.本试验采用超声与碱耦合方法破解剩余污泥,研究污泥破解过程前后SCOD、pH值以及氨氮的变化.经超声与碱耦合预处理后,污泥上清液SCOD有大幅度提高.当加碱调节污泥pH为12,超声破解30 min后,污泥溶液SCOD溶出率从3.96%增加到27.88%.加碱后污泥经超声破解,其pH值有所下降,污泥溶液氨氮值会有所增加,但变化幅度不大.污泥温度随破解时间的延长而明显提高,这有利于后续污泥厌氧消化.     

燃煤手烧锅炉除尘器的研究与开发

介绍了一种集多种湿法除尘技术之长于一体的新型组合式除尘装置，该装置不仅能有效地消除手烧锅炉燃烧时产生的烟尘，而且实现了除尘水的内循环，消除了其他湿式除尘器所带来的水的二次污染问题。     

Performance of three-phase three-dimensional electrode reactor for the reduction of COD in simulated wastewater-containing phenol

The removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) from wastewater-containing phenol was investigated using three-phase three-dimensional electrode reactor. Special attention was paid to experimentally probe the performance of the reactor in COD removal in the process of repeated batch runs. The experimental results showed that the reactor could remove COD from phenol-containing wastewater much more efficiently than both granulated activated carbon (GAC) adsorption bed and conventional three-dimensional electrode. For 200th batch run, the three-phase three-dimensional electrode reactor with an airflow of 5 l min(-1) and a cell voltage of 30 V could remove 1350 ppm COD from the wastewater in 30 min while conventional three-dimensional electrode reactor with a same cell voltage and GAC adsorption bed with a same airflow only could remove 610 and 1000 ppm, respectively, at the same reaction duration. Although it was found that COD removal decreased with increasing repeated batch runs in our experimental range, due to adsorption saturation of GAC and electrode passivation, the extent of decrease for the three-phase three-dimensional electrode is much less than those for conventional three-dimensional electrodes and GAC adsorption beds. The passivated reactor could be partly re-activated by electrolysis in the presence of MnO2.     

我国海岸带生态环境问题及其调控对策

海岸带是陆海交互作用的地带 ,是全球变化研究的重要组成部分 ;同时人类活动对海岸带的环境变迁又有着举足轻重的影响。本文综述了影响我国海岸带生态环境变迁的 10个重要的环境问题 ,并提出了应对海岸带生态环境退化的 6种调控对策 ,其中实行一体化的海岸带综合管理体制是实现海岸带可持续发展的最重要的对策之一     

处理生活污水的植物品种的筛选

以小型碎石床人工湿地生态系统和无土栽培2种方法,模拟研究了广东园林绿化中常用的27种植物对生活污水中氮、磷、COD的降解能力,表明野芋头、花叶万年青、象草、姜花、绿公主、富贵竹、再力花、大花叶万年青、芦苇、花芦苇、美人蕉、文殊兰、水芋头、风车草、红草、蜘蛛兰、千手观音、水葱和花蝴蝶等18种植物,可以作为人工湿地生态系统选种植物,从而扩大了可选植物品种范围,配合适当,可达到美化环境和净化污水2种功能,可适用于面源性水污染的治理.象草的研究表明,它是一种既有强污水降解能力又能作饲料的品种,适用于畜牧场的水污染治理.