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201.
Fernandes D Zanuy S Bebianno MJ Porte C 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,152(1):138-146
There is little information regarding pollutant levels in farmed fish, and the risks associated to consumption. This study was designed to assess levels of exposure to metals, organochlorinated compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and alkylphenols (APEs) in farmed sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax from five aquacultures located in Southern Europe. Additionally, several biochemical responses (metallothionein, 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase, vitellogenin) were determined as complementary tools. The obtained data indicate that pollutants exposure in farmed fish is similar to the levels reported in wild specimens from the area. Nonetheless, some biochemical responses were observed in the studied organisms, viz. metallothionein induction in Cu exposed organisms, and 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) and vitellogenin induction in PAHs and APEs exposed ones. The study further supports the usefulness of the biomarker approach as a first screening method to discriminate between basal and high levels of exposure in cultured fish. 相似文献
202.
The use of an Integrated Landscape Ecological Approach on the evaluation of the impact of a proposed highway over a high sensitive habitat of the highly endangered Iberian Lynx (Lynx pardina L) is described. This method prevents the occurrence of common errors in the decision making process by allowing an increased knowledge of the ecological constraints of the project. It builds, consequently, a very powerful tool for nature conservation assessment and for the ecological evaluation and the decision process in situations of low ecological data availability. The conflict of arguments on the consistency of the conclusions of the method is also described. 相似文献
203.
M Fernandes S Benger SK Sharma S Gaylard T Kildea S Hoare M Braley AD Irving 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2012,14(9):2399-2410
The definition of the spatial footprint of land-derived nutrient plumes is a key element to the design of initiatives to combat eutrophication in urbanised coastal regions. These plumes, however, are difficult to monitor because of their inherent high-frequency temporal and spatial variability. Biomonitoring with macroalgae provides time-integration of bioavailable nitrogen inputs through the measurement of δ(15)N signatures in tissues, and adequate spatial coverage through translocation to desirable monitoring locations. In this study, we used laboratory incubations to compare three different species of macroalgae as bioindicators, and a field experiment to investigate the applicability of the technique for the large-scale mapping of nutrient plumes. Cladophora valonioides was selected for the field experiment as it showed rapid changes in δ(15)N values in the laboratory incubations, was abundant in shallow depths making collection cost-efficient, and had tough thalli capable of withstanding deployment in open water. Ecklonia radiata also performed well in the laboratory incubations, but field harvest from subtidal depths was comparatively more expensive. Ulva lactuca had fragile thalli, and large nitrogen reserves that acted to mask the isotopic signal of newly acquired nitrogen. Cladophora valonioides was translocated to 246 sites covering an area of ~445 km(2) along the highly urbanized temperate coast of Adelaide, South Australia. The resulting isotopic signatures of nitrogen in tissues were spatially interpolated to produce maps of land-derived nutrient plumes, to model probability and standard error in the predictive surface, and to optimize sampling design. 相似文献
204.
Leal Filho W 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2008,10(11):1261-1264
Public awareness about the problems related to rainforest depletion increased considerably in the 1990s, but the level of emphasis to the problems faced by the world's tropical rainforests has become conspicuously low in recent years. Yet, there is a heightened sense of urgency in respect of the need to handle the challenges posed by climate change and the role that rainforest depletion may play in this process. This paper reviews the relationships between rainforest depletion and climate change, and outlines some areas where action is needed. 相似文献
205.
Davi Gasparini Fernandes Cunha Maria do Carmo Calijuri Walter Kennedy Dodds 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(2):1143-1155
Reservoirs are artificial ecosystems with physical, chemical, and biological transitional characteristics between rivers and lakes. Greater water retention time in reservoirs provides conditions for cycling materials inputs from upstream waters through sedimentation, biological assimilation and other biogeochemical processes. We investigated the effects of reservoirs on the water quantity and quality in the Great Plains (Kansas, USA), an area where little is known about these dominant hydrologic features. We analyzed a 30-year time-series of discharge, total phosphorus (TP), nitrate (NO3 ?), and total suspended solids (TSS) from six reservoirs and estimated overall removal efficiencies from upstream to downstream, testing correlations among retention, discharge, and time. In general, mean removal of TP (42–74 %), TSS (0–93 %), and NO3 ? (11–56 %) from upstream to downstream did not change over 30 years. TP retention was associated with TSS removal, suggesting that nutrient substantial portion of P was adsorbed to solids. Our results indicated that reservoirs had the effect of lowering variance in the water quality parameters and that these reservoirs are not getting more or less nutrient-rich over time. We found no evidence of temporal changes in the yearly mean upstream and downstream discharges. The ratio upstream/downstream discharge was analyzed because it allowed us to assess how much contribution of additional unsampled tributaries may have biased our ability to calculate retention. Nutrient and sediment removal was less affected by hydraulic residence time than expected. Our study demonstrates that reservoirs can play a role in the removal and processing of nutrient and sediments, which has repercussions when valuing their ecological services and designing watershed management plans. 相似文献
206.
Sheryl O. Fernandes Shantanu S. Kulkarni Resha R. Shirodkar Sheetal V. Karekar R. Praveen Kumar R. A. Sreepada Christian Vogelsang P. A. Loka Bharathi 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,164(1-4):81-92
The HOBAS aeration system was tested to compare changes in environmental and bacteriological parameters in ponds growing Penaeus monodon during a single production cycle. The stocking density in the aerated pond was doubled to 12 post-larvae (PL) m???2 in contrast to the non-aerated pond with 6 (PL) m???2. Microbial abundance in the ponds ranged between 105???6 cells ml???1. Among the physiological groups of bacteria enumerated, the heterotrophs dominated with an abundance of 104 CFU ml???1. Of the nitrogen and sulfur cycle bacteria, the nitrifiers flourished in the aerated pond and could maintain ammonia-N concentration within permissible levels. Bacterial activity also maintained sulfide concentrations at <?0.03 mg l???1. Non-aerated conditions promoted denitrification maintaining nitrate concentration between 0.32 and 0.98 μM NO3 ???-N l???1. However, a marked increase in ammonium content was observed in the non-aerated pond at the end of the culture period. Thus in high-density ponds, the aerators served to stimulate bacterial growth and activity which consequently maintained the quality of the water to match that of low-density ponds. Accordingly, these aerators could be effectively used to sustain higher yields. The effluent from the aerated pond is less likely to alter the redox balance of the receiving waters. 相似文献
207.
Magali Lago Ana Aguiar André Natário Carla Fernandes Miguel Faria Eugénia Pinto 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(9):5581-5593
This study assessed if the use of sterol demethylase inhibitor fungicides in vineyard production can induce resistance to azoles in Aspergillus strains and if it can induce selection of resistant species. We also tried to identify the Aspergillus species most prevalent in the vineyards. Two vineyards from northern Portugal were selected from “Vinhos Verdes” and “Douro” regions. The vineyards were divided into plots that were treated or not with penconazole (PEN). In each vineyard, air, soil, and plant samples were collected at three different times. The strains of Aspergillus spp. were isolated and identified by morphological and molecular techniques. We identified 46 Aspergillus section Nigri, eight Aspergillus fumigatus, seven Aspergillus lentulus, four Aspergillus wentii, two Aspergillus flavus, two Aspergillus terreus, one Aspergillus calidoustus, one Aspergillus westerdijkiae, one Aspergillus tamarii, and one Eurotium amstelodami. Aspergillus strains were evaluated for their susceptibility to medical azoles used in human therapy (itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole) and to agricultural azoles (PEN) used in the prevention and treatment of plant diseases. The isolates showed moderate susceptibility to voriconazole. We did not observe any decrease of susceptibility to the medical azoles tested throughout the testing period in any of the treated plots, although some of the resistant species were isolated from there. 相似文献
208.
Melanie Kah Patrick Machinski Petra Koerner Karen Tiede Renato Grillo Leonardo Fernandes Fraceto Thilo Hofmann 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(20):11699-11707
For the first time, regulatory protocols defined in the OECD guidelines were applied to determine the fate properties of a nanopesticide in two agricultural soils with contrasting characteristics. The nanoformulation studied had no effect on the degradation kinetics of atrazine indicating that (1) the release of atrazine from the polymer nanocarriers occurred rapidly relative to the degradation kinetics (half-lives 36–53 days) and/or that (2) atrazine associated with the nanocarriers was subject to biotic or abiotic degradation. Sorption coefficients, derived from a batch and a centrifugation technique at a realistic soil-to-solution ratio, were higher for the nanoformulated atrazine than for the pure active ingredient. Results indicate that the nanoformulation had an effect on the fate of atrazine. However, since the protocols applied were designed to assess solutes, conclusions about the transport of atrazine loaded onto the nanocarriers should be made extremely cautiously. The centrifugation method applied over time (here over 7 days) appears to be a useful tool to indirectly assess the durability of nanopesticides under realistic soil-to-solution ratios and estimate the period of time during which an influence on the fate of the active ingredient may be expected. More detailed investigations into the bioavailability and durability of nanopesticides are necessary and will require the development of novel methods suitable to address both the “nano” and “organic” characteristics of polymer-based nanopesticides. 相似文献
209.
Local ecological knowledge and incremental adaptation to changing flood patterns in the Amazon delta
Nathan Vogt Miguel Pinedo-Vasquez Eduardo S. Brondízio Fernando G. Rabelo Katia Fernandes Oriana Almeida Sergio Riveiro Peter J. Deadman Yue Dou 《Sustainability Science》2016,11(4):611-623
The need for understanding the factors that trigger human responses to climate change has opened inquiries on the role of indigenous and local ecological knowledge (ILK) in facilitating or constraining social adaptation processes. Answers to the question of how ILK is helping or limiting smallholders to cope with increasing disturbances to the local hydro-climatic regime remain very limited in adaptation and mitigation studies and interventions. Herein, we discuss a case study on ILK as a resource used by expert farmer-fishers (locally known as Caboclos) to cope with the increasing threats on their livelihoods and environments generated by changing flood patterns in the Amazon delta region. While expert farmer-fishers are increasingly exposed to shocks and stresses, their ILK plays a key role in mitigating impacts and in strengthening their adaptive responses that are leading to a process of incremental adaptation (PIA). We argue that ILK is the most valuable resource used by expert farmer-fishers to adapt the spatial configuration and composition of their land-/resource-use systems (agrodiversity) and their produced and managed resources (agrobiodiversity) at landscape, community and household levels. We based our findings on ILK on data recorded for over the last 30 years using detailed ethnographic methodologies and multitemporal landscape mapping. We found that the ILK of expert farmer-fishers and their “tradition of change” have facilitated the PIA to intensify a particular production system to optimize production across a broad range of flood conditions and at the same time to manage or conserve forests to produce resources and services. 相似文献
210.
Patrícia Palma Paula Alvarenga Vera Palma Cláudia Matos Rosa Maria Fernandes Amadeu Soares Isabel Rita Barbosa 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(3):703-716