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Mrs J. A. Bell J. Pearn G. Cohen J. Ford J. Halliday N. Martin M. Mulcahy S. Purvis-Smith G. Sutherland 《黑龙江环境通报》1985,5(1):53-58
This paper reports the results of a complete national survey to measure utilization rates of prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis (P.C.D.) in women of advanced maternal age in Australia. P.C.D. has been available throughout Australia for the last decade. Every laboratory in Australia providing a P.C.D. service for the years 1979–1982 took part in this study. Utilization rates (both National and State rates) by ages of mothers, are presented. Big interstate differences exist. The 1982 National P.C.D. utilization rate for pregnant women who were 40 years of age and over was 38.8 per cent, and this rate has shown an average annual increase of 9 per cent. In those four States which offered P.C.D. to pregnant women of 35 years or over the median utilization rate was 20 per cent. These Australian rates indicate an under-utilization of P.C.D. services with (in 1982) 50–80 per cent of ‘at risk’ women not being tested. Factors which influence this are discussed. 相似文献
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Summary Brown (Acanthiza pusilla), buff-rumped (A. reguloides) and striated thronbills (A. lineata) were studied over three years in eucalypt forest in northern New South Wales. All three are small, sexually monomorphic insectivores. A. pusilla is a shrub-feeder, reguloides a bark and ground forager and lineata gleans from eucalypt leaves. A. reguloides and lineata show a two-tiered social organization with territorial clans in the non-breeding season which split up into breeding pairs or groups of 3 or 4. Non-breeding birds feed nestlings and fledglings, and after reformation of the clan adults feed fledglings belonging to other groups. Females tend to disperse more than males before the next breeding season, males tend to stay and help. A. pusilla breeds in pairs, with no helpers, defends year-round territories and expels juveniles a few months after they fledge. We discuss possible reasons why A. pusilla is not cooperative whereas the other two species are. It seems not to be due to greater adult survival and habitat saturation in the latter two, nor to reduced seasonal fluctuations in food. We propose that a major factor is the low risk of dispersing relative to staying at home in pusilla compared with the other two species. 相似文献
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Muir DC Segstro MD Hobson KA Ford CA Stewart RE Olpinski S 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》1995,90(3):335-348
Walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) blubber samples from Inukjuak and Akulivik (East Hudson Bay), Foxe Basin (Igloolik and Hall Beach) and Loks Land (East Baffin Island) were analysed for PCB congeners (ortho and non-ortho substituted) and other persistent organochlorines (DDT, toxaphene, chlordanes, dieldrin, mirex), as well as chlorinated dioxins/furans, to document spatial trends in contaminants in Canadian Arctic marine biota. Samples from 19 of 53 individuals had concentrations of SigmaPCBs greater than 1000 ng g(-1) (wet wt); the remaining individuals had much lower concentrations (50-600 ng g(-1)). Highest concentrations were found in samples from Inukjuak where average concentrations in blubber of females (N = 9) were 1450 +/- 954 ng g(-1) toxaphene, 2750 +/- 1780 ng g(-1) SigmaCHLOR, 2160 +/- 925 ng g(-1) SigmaDDT and 4790 +/- 2380 ng g(-1) SigmaPCB. SigmaPCB and SigmaDDT concentrations greater than 1000 ng g(-1) were unexpected based on previous studies of walrus from Greenland and Alaska. Local contamination was ruled out because levels of all organochlorines were elevated in each animal from Inukjuak, and elevated levels were also found in animals from Akulivik and Loks Land. Walrus from Inukjuak had sigma13C and sigma15N values in muscle intermediate between those of ringed seals (Phoca hispida) and those of walrus from Akulivik with low organochlorine levels. There was a weak but significant correlation between and sigma15N and (log)SigmaPCB. The Inukjuak walrus also had higher proportions of highly chlorinated PCB congeners, and higher DDE/SigmaDDT ratios than walrus from Igloolik or Akulivik. The results suggest that the walrus with elevated organochlorines are feeding at a higher trophic level than those with low levels and are probably utilizing ringed seals for a portion of their diet. 相似文献
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Rebecca M. Ford Kathryn J. H. Williams Ian D. Bishop John E. Hickey 《Environmental management》2009,44(6):1149-1162
The effects of viewing different types of information were investigated in people judging the social acceptability of alternative
forest harvest systems. Approximately 500 Tasmanians were shown still-simulated images of four harvest systems (a clearfell
system, two aggregated retention systems, and a selective system) and were asked to judge their acceptability. Individual
interviews were conducted with 12 of the participants. It was anticipated that people holding different beliefs about the
consequences of harvesting would have different responses to information. Cluster analysis was used to group participants
according to these beliefs. Responses to still images were compared with responses to two other types of information: information
about consequences of the harvest systems in the form of indicator symbols, and information about regeneration over time,
presented as visual animations. The effects of information differed across both harvest system and belief cluster groups of
participants. The largest effects of information occurred in people who held a mix of beliefs about consequences. Within this
group, participants who viewed the indicators rated a 30% aggregated retention system higher and selective harvesting lower,
than those who did not view the indicators. Viewing animated sequences led to slightly higher ratings of the more intensive
harvest systems and significantly lower ratings of the selective harvest system than those based on the still images. The
interview data provided examples of interviewees viewing information critically against their own values and beliefs. Only
some interviewees appeared to use it in judging social acceptability 相似文献
38.
Michael J. Ford 《Conservation biology》2002,16(3):815-825
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