全文获取类型
收费全文 | 313篇 |
免费 | 4篇 |
国内免费 | 13篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 10篇 |
废物处理 | 37篇 |
环保管理 | 27篇 |
综合类 | 55篇 |
基础理论 | 73篇 |
环境理论 | 1篇 |
污染及防治 | 86篇 |
评价与监测 | 23篇 |
社会与环境 | 17篇 |
灾害及防治 | 1篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 2篇 |
2022年 | 12篇 |
2021年 | 12篇 |
2020年 | 9篇 |
2019年 | 9篇 |
2018年 | 13篇 |
2017年 | 10篇 |
2016年 | 23篇 |
2015年 | 9篇 |
2014年 | 23篇 |
2013年 | 31篇 |
2012年 | 22篇 |
2011年 | 24篇 |
2010年 | 17篇 |
2009年 | 18篇 |
2008年 | 15篇 |
2007年 | 13篇 |
2006年 | 13篇 |
2005年 | 10篇 |
2004年 | 7篇 |
2003年 | 11篇 |
2002年 | 8篇 |
2001年 | 2篇 |
2000年 | 1篇 |
1998年 | 2篇 |
1997年 | 3篇 |
1996年 | 3篇 |
1995年 | 1篇 |
1994年 | 2篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有330条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
291.
Environmental regulation is required to reduce industrial pollution to levels that are socially acceptable and economically efficient, but there is debate over the most efficient form of such regulation. Typically, a limited range of environmental and economic parameters are accounted for in the econometric studies that inform that debate. This paper integrates evidence from two separate studies to assess a broad range of parameters related to the efficiency of industrial environmental regulation. Questionnaire responses from 25 Italian manufacturers of building-chemicals and 28 Irish pharmaceutical manufacturers provided evidence on the environmental effectiveness and operational impacts of different regulatory instruments. Combined with extensive emissions data from Irish pharmaceutical manufacturers, survey results enabled a quantitative estimation of pollution avoidance specifically attributable to direct regulation. The monetised social benefit of avoided pollution was found to be equal to direct compliance costs. Chemical manufacturers in Italy and Ireland stated that direct regulation is a more important driver of industrial environmental performance than economic or voluntary regulation, and their responses indicated that direct compliance costs may be countered somewhat by stimulated operational improvements. It was concluded that direct regulation is an effective approach for multi-pollutant control in an industrial context, and that the efficiency of such regulation may be underestimated in studies that do not consider the full range of pollutants and operational effects. 相似文献
292.
The relevance of the integration of preimaginal and eclosion experiences on the subsequent habitat preferences and mate finding
by the adult has been rarely tested in holometabolous insects. In this work, the effect of larval and early adult experiences
on the behavioural responses of adult males of the aphid parasitoid, Aphidius ervi, towards volatiles from the host–plant complex (HPC) and from conspecific females were evaluated. Two experience factors
were considered: host diet (normal diet=ND; artificial diet=AD), and eclosion, i.e. extraction or non-extraction of the parasitoid
larva from the parasitised aphid (extracted=EX; non-extracted=NE). Thus, four treatments were set up: ND/NE, ND/EX, AD/NE
and AD/EX. Glass Y-tube olfactometers were used to investigate the responses of adult A. ervi males to the odour sources used. Males from the ND/NE treatment showed a shorter latency to the first choice of olfactometer
arms, displayed a marked preference towards the HPC olfactometer arm, and spent more time in the HPC arm than males from the
other treatments. Only the interaction of host diet and eclosion experiences proved to be relevant in explaining the differences
in latency to first choice, time spent in olfactometers arms, and behaviours displayed in the olfactometer arms. These results
show the importance of the integration of larval and eclosion experiences in the development of stereotyped responses of the
adults. This process may involve memory retention from the preimaginal and emergence period, but further research is needed
to disentangle the contribution of each stage. The response to conspecific females was much less affected by the treatments
in relation to first arm choice and times in olfactometer arms, suggesting a pheromone-mediated behaviour, even though a prompter
and more intense wing fanning courtship behaviour was registered in the ND/NE males compared to males from the AD/NE treatment.
These results show that sexual behaviours are less affected by early experiences than behaviours related with finding a HPC
for foraging or oviposition. Taken together, our results demonstrate for first time that larval and eclosion experiences affect
in a differential way the early responses of the adult towards environment-derived cues and mate related cues. 相似文献
293.
Maria Valeria Migliori Antonella Pettinari Anna Maria Ciaschini Paola Piermattei Francesco Pigliapoco Giancarlo Discepoli 《黑龙江环境通报》2004,24(4):290-292
We report the prenatal diagnosis of an extra der(4) resulting from 4:2 malsegregation of a maternal balanced complex translocation involving chromosomes 4, 10, and 11. The woman was referred for amniocentesis because of recurrent miscarriages. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed in order to characterize the complex chromosome rearrangement. Following genetic counselling, the couple decided to terminate the pregnancy. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
294.
Mentore Vaccari Carlo Collivignarelli Prapin Tharnpoophasiam Francesco Vitali 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,161(1-4):123-133
This paper reports the results of a study conducted in Ban Nam Khem village, the most hit in Thailand by 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, aimed to evaluate either the actual state and operation of numerous domestic wells present in the village or the quality of drawn groundwater. Data show that most critical chemical–physical parameters are turbidity, total organic carbon and iron, whereas conductivity has greatly decreased in comparison with the February 2005 monitoring campaign. Furthermore, a high faecal contamination related to both constructive and operational deficiencies was detected in most monitored wells; therefore, measures aimed at improving habits in well operation and favouring water domestic treatment are necessary. 相似文献
295.
Francesco Dalla Longa Teun Strikkers Tom Kober Bob van der Zwaan 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2018,23(6):627-637
One of the main goals in pursuing sustainable development is to provide universal access to modern energy services, notably through the use of off-grid renewable energy technologies. To date, integrated assessment models (IAMs) poorly address energy access targets. In the context of research dedicated to energy scenarios and climate change mitigation in Africa, we attempt to advance the representation of energy access in one such IAM by using GIS data. In a case study for Ethiopia with the TIAM-ECN model, we demonstrate that by enriching an IAM with information derived from GIS databases, insights are obtained that better capture the dynamics of energy access developments, in comparison to conventional IAM analysis of energy technology deployment pathways. When duly accounting for the geographical spread in demography and technology costs in a developing country, we find that many people may gain access to electricity in remote areas thanks to the availability of affordable off-grid power production options that render expensive grid extensions unnecessary. This effect is not explicitly accounted for in most traditional IAMs. By the middle of the century, off-grid technologies could provide affordable electricity to 70% of the Ethiopian population, based almost entirely on renewable sources such as wind, solar and hydropower. 相似文献
296.
Francesco Cherubini Anders Hammer StrømmanSergio Ulgiati 《Resources, Conservation and Recycling》2011,55(11):1070-1077
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology is the prevailing framework for estimating the environmental performances of a product/service. The application of LCA frequently requires practitioners to address allocation issues, especially when a large number of co-products are produced. The choice of an allocation approach for multifunctional processes is among the most debated methodological aspects in the LCA community, given its potentially large influence on final outcomes. Despite numerous efforts, a uniform consensus on the best allocation practice is still lacking and no single method appears as the most suitable for all situations.The aim of this paper is to assess how different allocation methods affect the environmental performances of a lignocellulosic biorefinery. Biorefinery systems represent a good example of a multifunctional process, since they co-produce multiple energy and material products. The following allocation procedures are applied: system expansion (also named substitution method), partitioning method according to different features of co-products (mass, energy, exergy and economic value), and hybrid approach (given by a combination of the previous ones). In order to enhance the clarity of the discussion, a mathematical notation for these allocation procedures is adopted, and analytical interrelations are investigated. Results show the influence of the allocation methods on the environmental impacts assigned to the individual products, both on a unit and annual flow basis. 相似文献
297.
Andrea Bigano Francesco Bosello Roberto Roson Richard S. J. Tol 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2008,13(8):765-791
While climate change impacts on human life have well defined and different origins, the interactions among the diverse impacts
are not yet fully understood. Their final effects, however, especially those involving social-economic responses, are likely
to play an important role. This paper is one of the first attempts to disentangle and highlight the role of these interactions.
It focuses on the economic assessment of two specific climate change impacts: sea-level rise and changes in tourism flows.
By using a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model the two impacts categories are first analysed separately and then jointly.
Considered separately, in 2050, the forecasted 25 cm. of sea level rise imply a GDP loss ranging from (−) 0.1% in South East
Asia to almost no loss in Canada, while redistribution of tourism flows – which in terms of arrivals favours Western Europe,
Japan, Korea and Canada and penalises all the other world regions – triggers GDP losses ranging from (−) 0.5% in Small Island
States to (−) 0.0004% in Canada. GDP gainers are Australia, New Zealand, Western Europe, Middle East and South Asia. The impact
of sea level rise and tourism were simulated jointly and the results compared with those of the two disjoint simulations.
From a qualitative point of view, the joint effects are similar to the outcomes of the disjoint exercises; from a quantitative
perspective, however, impact interaction does play a significant role. In six cases out of 16 there is a detectable (higher
than 2% and peaking to 70%) difference between the sum of the outcomes in the disjoint simulation and the outcomes of the
joint simulations. Moreover, the relative contribution of each single impact category has been disentangled from the final
result. In the case under scrutiny, demand shocks induced by changes in tourism flows outweigh the supply-side shock induced
by the loss of coastal land.
相似文献
Francesco BoselloEmail: |
298.
The effects of familiarity and gender on spatial representation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Tina Iachini Francesco Ruotolo Gennaro Ruggiero 《Journal of environmental psychology》2009,29(2):227-234
This paper reports a study of how familiarity and gender may influence the frames of reference used in memory to represent a real-world regularly shaped environment. Familiar and unfamiliar participants learned the locations of three triads of buildings by walking on a path which encircled each triad. Then they were shown with maps reproducing these triads at five different orientations (from 0° to 180°) and had to judge whether each triad represented correctly the relative positions between the buildings. Results showed that unfamiliar participants performed better when the orientation of triads was closer to the learning perspective (0° and 45°) and corresponded to front rather than to back positions. Instead, familiar participants showed a facilitation for triads oriented along orthogonal axes (0°–180°, 90°) and no difference between front and back positions. These findings suggested that locations of unfamiliar buildings were mentally represented in terms of egocentric frames of reference; instead, allocentric frames of reference defined by the environment were used when the environment was familiar. Finally, males were more accurate and faster than females, and this difference was particularly evident in participants unfamiliar with the environment. 相似文献
299.
Marco Ferretti Emilia Barbolani Paolo Grossoni Romano Gellini Francesco Pantani 《Chemistry and Ecology》1993,8(1):1-10
One year old needles of both healthy and damaged silver fir and Norway spruce from the area of Trento (Northern Italy) were observed by SEM. Needles of damaged trees show quite evident structural alterations of epidermis, expecially epicuticular waxes. Roots and needles of both fir and spruce are also tested for their metal content. Evidence is reported of an increasing concentration of Fe, Mg and Ca in roots of plants grown on alkali soil. Ca, and to a lesser extent Fe, Al and Pb, appears to be more present in old needles, whereas K and Mg exhibit higher amounts in young needles. Some indications are found between damage and the content of some metals such as Mg and Mn in needles. 相似文献