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301.
Chingoileima Maibam Patrick Fink Giovanna Romano Maria Cristina Buia Maria Cristina Gambi Maria Beatrice Scipione Francesco Paolo Patti Maurizio Lorenti Emanuela Butera Valerio Zupo 《Marine Biology》2014,161(7):1639-1652
Plants evolve the production of wound-activated compounds (WACs) to reduce grazing pressure. In addition, several plant-produced WACs are recognized by various invertebrates, playing the role of infochemicals. Due to co-evolutionary processes, some invertebrates recognize plant infochemicals and use them to identify possible prey, detect the presence of predators or identify algae containing various classes of toxic metabolites. Different metabolites present in the same algae can play the role of toxins, infochemicals or both simultaneously. We investigated the infochemical activity of compounds extracted from three diatoms epiphytes of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica, by conducting choice experiments on invertebrates living in the same community or in close proximity. Furthermore, the specific toxicity of the extracts obtained from the same algae was tested on sea urchin embryos using a standard bioassay procedure, to detect the presence of toxins. The comparison of the two effects demonstrated that invertebrates are subjected to diatom wound-activated toxicants when these algae are not associated with their own habitat, but they are able to recognize volatile infochemicals derived from diatoms associated with their habitats. The specific toxicity of WACs was shown to be inversely correlated to the perceptive ability of invertebrates towards volatile compounds liberated by the same algae. Hence, when the recognition of specific algae by a given invertebrate species evolves, their detrimental effects on the receiving organism may be lost. 相似文献
302.
E. Tobias Krause Christoph Brummel Sarah Kohlwey Markus C. Baier Caroline Müller Francesco Bonadonna Barbara A. Caspers 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2014,68(11):1819-1827
Although birds have recently been shown to possess olfactory abilities and to use chemical cues in communication, limited effort has been made to demonstrate the use of odorants in social contexts. Even less is known regarding the use of odorants in species recognition. The ability to recognize conspecifics should be more pronounced in social species. This study investigated the importance of olfactory cues in species recognition in females of two estrildid finch species with different levels of sociality. Combining odor preference tests with chemical analyses, we surveyed whether female zebra finches and diamond firetails are able to distinguish between the species based on volatile traits and whether individuals exhibit species-specific differences in body odorants. Zebra finches are more social than diamond firetails; nevertheless, both species have an overlapping distribution area. Applying an experimental Y-maze paradigm, we showed that zebra finches can use differences in their species odor fingerprints and displayed a significant preference for the odor of conspecifics over that of heterospecifics, whereas diamond firetails did not reveal a preference. Using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, we demonstrated that body odorants of the two species were significantly different in relative composition. This finding demonstrates the potential importance of olfactory cues in species recognition, at least in social bird species. Even these two closely related species displayed remarkable differences in their responsiveness to similar chemical cues, which might be caused by species-specific differences in ecology, physiology, or evolution. 相似文献
303.
Paola Cellini Legittimo Sergio Del Panta Francesco Pantani 《Chemistry and Ecology》2013,29(4):185-195
The quality of the waters collected from R. Arno was examined in the period September 1988 to December 1989. A first campaign in September/October 1988, during a period of low water, gives a general picture of pollution conditions along the river from the source to the mouth. the river appears to be heavily polluted immediately downstream of Florence and in the area of the textile industry. In the second campaign, through the whole year 1989, particular attention has been given to the Florence area; the most significant results, compared with those from a previous investigation carried out in 1971, show only a small reduction of the pollution load, due to the shortage and inadequacy of wastewater depuration. Some considerations are reported on pollution drop with full spate. 相似文献
304.
Paola Gianguzza Davide Agnetta Chiara Bonaviri Francesco Di Trapani Giulia Visconti Fabrizio Gianguzza 《Chemistry and Ecology》2013,29(2):129-134
Recent ecological studies have shown a strong relation between temperature, echinoids and their grazing effects on macro-algal communities. In this study, we speculate that climate warming may result in an increasingly favourable environment for the reproduction and development of the sea urchin Arbacia lixula. The relationship between increased A. lixula density and the extent of barren grounds in the Mediterranean Sea is also discussed. 相似文献
305.
Francesco Colloca Paolo Carpentieri Elena Balestri Giandomenico Ardizzone 《Marine Biology》2010,157(3):565-574
We investigated the effects of body size, feeding strategy and depth distribution on the trophic resource partitioning among
the 26 dominant fish consumers in a fish assemblage on the central Mediterranean shelf-break. The fish assemblage was structured
in two major trophic guilds: epibenthic and zooplanktonic feeders, according to the position of each predator along the benthos–plankton
gradient. Within each main guild, the species were segregated along a prey-size or fish-size gradient into five further guilds.
Fish size and prey size were strongly correlated, indicating that the prey-size niche can be well explained by predator size.
Fish consumers showed a significant negative correlation between the similarity in prey type and the similarity in depth distribution;
most species with similar trophic preferences segregated along the depth dimension. The only predators overlapping in both
food and depth preferences were those with a more specialist trophic behavior. These results suggest that fish body size and
depth preferences are the two main niche dimensions, explaining a large part of the coexistence between the Mediterranean
shelf-break fish consumers. 相似文献
306.
Marilena C. Di Giacomo Carla Cesarano Nenad Bukvic Evangelia Manisali Ginevra Guanti Francesco Susca 《黑龙江环境通报》2004,24(8):619-622
The detection of very rare variants in prenatal diagnosis often causes counseling difficulties and anxiety in parents. We describe a duplication of the proximal region of chromosome 9 short arm in two cases of prenatal diagnosis and in one young woman, with evidence that such rearrangement is an uncommon variant. The duplication was investigated using Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Although the cytogenetic findings were indicative of a ‘duplication 9p syndrome’ associated with mental and developmental retardation, we were able to demonstrate that the rearrangement was a heteromorphism with no phenotypic consequence. We also determined the breakpoint regions of the rearrangement and identified the BAC probes that precisely define the duplicated region devoid of risk of phenotypic effects. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
307.
Rubin Pedrazzo Alberto Trotta Francesco Hoti Gjylije Cesano Federico Zanetti Marco 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(1):251-263
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Cyclodextrin nanosponges (CD-NS) are cross-linked cyclodextrin polymers characterized by a nanostructured three-dimensional network. CD-NSs in the... 相似文献
308.
Maria Valeria Migliori Antonella Pettinari Anna Maria Ciaschini Paola Piermattei Francesco Pigliapoco Giancarlo Discepoli 《黑龙江环境通报》2004,24(4):290-292
We report the prenatal diagnosis of an extra der(4) resulting from 4:2 malsegregation of a maternal balanced complex translocation involving chromosomes 4, 10, and 11. The woman was referred for amniocentesis because of recurrent miscarriages. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed in order to characterize the complex chromosome rearrangement. Following genetic counselling, the couple decided to terminate the pregnancy. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
309.
Gregor Kalinkat Juliano S. Cabral William Darwall G. Francesco Ficetola Judith L. Fisher Darren P. Giling Marie‐Pierre Gosselin Hans‐Peter Grossart Sonja C. Jähnig Jonathan M. Jeschke Klaus Knopf Stefano Larsen Gabriela Onandia Marlene Pätzig Wolf‐Christian Saul Gabriel Singer Erik Sperfeld Ivan Jarić 《Conservation biology》2017,31(2):481-485
310.
The relevance of the integration of preimaginal and eclosion experiences on the subsequent habitat preferences and mate finding
by the adult has been rarely tested in holometabolous insects. In this work, the effect of larval and early adult experiences
on the behavioural responses of adult males of the aphid parasitoid, Aphidius ervi, towards volatiles from the host–plant complex (HPC) and from conspecific females were evaluated. Two experience factors
were considered: host diet (normal diet=ND; artificial diet=AD), and eclosion, i.e. extraction or non-extraction of the parasitoid
larva from the parasitised aphid (extracted=EX; non-extracted=NE). Thus, four treatments were set up: ND/NE, ND/EX, AD/NE
and AD/EX. Glass Y-tube olfactometers were used to investigate the responses of adult A. ervi males to the odour sources used. Males from the ND/NE treatment showed a shorter latency to the first choice of olfactometer
arms, displayed a marked preference towards the HPC olfactometer arm, and spent more time in the HPC arm than males from the
other treatments. Only the interaction of host diet and eclosion experiences proved to be relevant in explaining the differences
in latency to first choice, time spent in olfactometers arms, and behaviours displayed in the olfactometer arms. These results
show the importance of the integration of larval and eclosion experiences in the development of stereotyped responses of the
adults. This process may involve memory retention from the preimaginal and emergence period, but further research is needed
to disentangle the contribution of each stage. The response to conspecific females was much less affected by the treatments
in relation to first arm choice and times in olfactometer arms, suggesting a pheromone-mediated behaviour, even though a prompter
and more intense wing fanning courtship behaviour was registered in the ND/NE males compared to males from the AD/NE treatment.
These results show that sexual behaviours are less affected by early experiences than behaviours related with finding a HPC
for foraging or oviposition. Taken together, our results demonstrate for first time that larval and eclosion experiences affect
in a differential way the early responses of the adult towards environment-derived cues and mate related cues. 相似文献