Occurrence,source apportionment,and carcinogenic risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban road dusts in Shanghai

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), as a class of important environmental pollutants, have received considerable concern due to their widespread...     

Comparison of particulate mass, chemical species for urban, suburban and rural areas in central Taiwan, Taichung

Aerosol samples for PM2.5, PM(2.5-10) and TSP were collected from June to September 1998 and from February to March 1999 in central Taiwan. Ion chromatography was used to analyze the acidic anions: sulfate, nitrate and chloride in the Universal samples. The ratios of fine particle concentrations to coarse particle concentrations displayed that the fine particle concentrations are almost greater than that of coarse particle concentrations in Taichung area. The average concentrations of PM2.5, PM(2.5-10) and TSP in urban sites are higher than in suburban and rural sites at both daytime and night-time. Chloride dominated in the coarse mode in daytime and in fine mode in night-time. Nitrate can be found in both the coarse and fine modes. Sulfate dominated in fine mode in both daytime and night-time.     

Modeling traffic-related air pollution in street canyons of Beijing

It is important to develop a general model to accurately simulate the air pollution in urban street areas. In this paper, the Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM) initially developed in Denmark is tested with measured data from a relatively wide and open street in Beijing. Major factors influencing the dispersion, such as emission factors, stationary source emissions, and solar radiation, are analyzed. Results show that the model can reflect the basic dispersion pattern in the street but gives systematically higher concentrations. After modifications to estimate street-level wind speed in the model, performance is obviously improved.     

富里酸吸附TNT的环境影响因素

采用振荡平衡法对富里酸(FA)吸附TNT的主要环境影响因素以及其热力学特性进行了研究。结果表明:随着pH值的升高,FA对TNT的吸附量先减少后增加,pH=7.0时吸附量最小;随着离子强度(IS)的增大,FA对TNT的吸附量逐渐增加;随着温度的升高,FA对TNT的吸附量逐渐减少;ΔH0=-5.62 kJ/mol、ΔG0 S0 < 0,表明FA对TNT的吸附为自发的放热反应,且吸附过程中系统的无序性降低。FA对TNT的吸附机制主要包括范德华力、疏水作用、偶极作用力以及氢键力,并且范德华力和疏水作用会随着温度的升高逐渐减弱。     

铁屑耦合生物麦饭石的PRB系统修复含铬酸根与硝酸根地下水

针对污染地下水中铬酸根和硝酸根迁移速度快,可渗透反应墙(PRB)常规活性材料修复效果差等问题,以铁屑、麦饭石和硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)为活性材料,构建4组耦合PRB动态柱修复地下水中Cr(Ⅵ)和NO3--N。结果表明,4#(铁屑、麦饭石和SRB)柱修复效果较1#(麦饭石)、2#(铁屑、麦饭石)和3#(麦饭石和SRB)柱好,且稳定,对Cr(Ⅵ)和NO3--N平均去除率分别是97.7%和97.34%,可见,以铁屑、麦饭石和硫酸盐还原菌为活性材料的耦合PRB系统修复地下水中Cr(Ⅵ)和NO3--N具有有效性与可行性。     

不干胶废弃物热解与燃烧动力学特性

采用热重分析方法对不干胶废弃物(PSAs)进行了热解和燃烧失重分析,并采用Doyle法拟合计算了PSAs热解和燃烧动力学参数。结果表明:当温度低于200℃或高于600℃,PSAs的热解和燃烧失重过程具有性;300~600℃时,PSAs热解过程具有3个失重峰,而其燃烧过程具有2个失重峰。动力学分析结果表明:PSAs的热解是由多阶段复杂的热裂解反应组成,其热解过程可用4个一级反应来描述,随着升温速率的提高热解阶段第1峰区表观活化能降低;而第2、3峰区以及半焦深度裂解阶段的第4峰区活化能逐渐升高;PSAs燃烧过程可用3个一级反应来描述,随着升温速率的提高,PSAs燃烧过程的表观活化能均逐渐降低,并且燃烧表观活化能均低于热解表观活化能。     

硫酸盐还原菌污泥固定化特性

采用玉米芯为碳源,聚乙烯醇(PVA)为包埋载体,饱和硼酸(H3BO3)为交联剂,研究了硫酸盐还原菌污泥(SRBS)、铁屑、麦饭石共固处理合成煤矿酸性废水的最优配比与机理,并分析了固定化过程中小球稳定性及活性的变化规律。实验结果表明,SRBS投加量是影响处理效果的最显著因子,当投加30%SRBS、2%铁屑、3%麦饭石时SO42-、Mn2+去除率分别为94.13%和84.39%,溶液pH为7.03,未检测出Fe2+;随着交联时间的延长,小球膨胀率及SO42-还原率分别呈线性与指数下降,从保持小球稳定性与活性角度考虑,可将交联时间设定为4~8 h;该法可为市政污泥的处置以及生物法处理煤矿酸性废水的工程应用提供技术参考。     

Biodegradation of nitrogen-enriched lignite

Biodegradation of nitrogen-enriched lignite by soil bacteria previously acclimated in hydrogen peroxide-acetic acid lignitic substrate was carried out to assess the effects of nitrogen functional groups on the biodegradation of lignite. Chlorination, oxidation plus nitration, and ammoniation were applied in an attempt to modify the chemical structure of lignite so as to obtain a lignitic substrate that is more compatible to the enzymatical system of ordinary soil bacteria than that of unmodified lignite. Incorporation of nitrogen containing functional groups into lignite structure achieved 4.71 wt%, a value five times higher than that usually found in unmodified (raw) lignite. Data collected through a 16 day incubation time, monitoring production as well as depletion of both nitrate and organic acids, concluded that biodegradation was expedited by the incorporation of nitrogen into the structure of lignite. Twenty-eight compounds were identified based on the results from GC/MS analysis of the products.     

酸雨防治迫切性浅析

文章从水体，植物，建筑群，人体健康等几个方面，详细讨论了酸雨防治的迫切性，通过对宜宾，桂林，宁波等几个的酸 雨调查监测进行综合分析，对我国，尤其是宁波地区的酸雨污染现状提出了看法，并结合地形各种因素对酸雨的防治对策进行了一些探讨。     

混凝沉淀—气浮—生化处理洗毛废水

采用混凝沉淀－气浮－生化处理洗毛废水。混凝沉淀－气浮在进水ＣＯＤ１４５００ｍｇ／Ｌ,处理水量２０００ｍ＾３／ｄ,ＣＯＤ去除率９０％;ＨＲＴ ３２ｈ生化处理时,出水ＣＯＤ为１８７ｍｇ／ｌ,可达到污水综合排放二级标准（洗毛行业）。