利用氨水对液体烟幕残留物自净化的方法

针对军事上大量使用的液体烟幕的残留物所存在的严重污染问题，研究了利用氨水的自净化法。探讨了自净化的机理和氨水的不同浓度、不同用量对净化效果的影响。该方法简单、高效，既可保持烟幕本身的功用特性，又可解决其残留物的严重污染问题，具有重要的环保价值，也是在军事运用中强调环保的一种有益尝试。     

The sedimentation capabilities of hexadecyltrimethylammonium-modified montmorillonites

Natural montmorillonite was modified with a quaternary ammonium compound, hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA). The sedimentation capabilities of unmodified and modified montmorillonites were then investigated. The sedimentation velocity of modified montmorillonites increased if the amounts of adsorbed HDTMA were from 0.3 to 1.0 times the cation exchange capacitity (CEC). It also emerged that the sedimentation capability of modified montmorillonites was improved and that the variously CEC-modified montmorillonites had similar sedimentation capabilities after they had sorbed organic matter from oily wastewater. Thus, modified montmorillonites (especially 0.5 CEC treatment) had good sedimentation capabilities for sorbing organic substance and can act as carriers in wastewater biotreatment.     

Photocatalytic reactions of phenanthrene at TiO2/water interfaces

The photocatalytic oxidation of phenanthrene was investigated in aqueous TiO2 suspensions under UV light irradiation. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) measurements, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, IR spectrometer and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analytical techniques were used to monitor the reaction process. Some factors affecting the photodegradation rate were studied and some aromatic intermediates were detected during the reaction process. Fast and complete mineralization of phenanthrene was achieved in this reaction system.     

Conditioning of aluminium-based water treatment sludge with Fenton's reagent: effectiveness and optimising study to improve dewaterability

Alternative conditioning of aluminium-based drinking water treatment sludge using Fenton reagent (Fe2+/H2O2) was examined in this study. Focuses were placed on effectiveness and factors to affect such novel application of Fenton process. Experiments have demonstrated that considerable improvement of alum sludge dewaterability evaluated by capillary suction time (CST) can be obtained at the relative low concentrations of Fenton reagent. A Box-Behnken experimental design based on the response surface methodology was applied to evaluate the optimum of the influencing variables, i.e. iron concentration, hydrogen peroxide concentration and pH. The optimal values for Fe2+, H2O2, and pH are 21 mg g(-1)DS(-1)(dry solids), 105 mg g(-1)DS(-1) and 6, respectively, at which the CST reduction efficiency of 48+/-3% can be achieved, this agreed with that predicted by an established polynomial model in this study.     

Seasonal variation on size distribution and concentration of PAHs in Guangzhou city, China

Size distribution aerosol samples were collected at an urban location of Guangzhou in four seasons of 2003-2004 by a MOUDI (Micro-orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor). The particle loading (PM10: 80-397 microg m(-3)) was comparable with some other Asia cities; however, much higher than that of Western Europe and North America. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured by gas chromatography with mass selective detector (GC-MS). Seasonal effects on the size distribution of PAHs are presented. Bimode (accumulation and coarse mode) and unimode (accumulation mode) distributions were observed for low-molecule-weight and high-molecule-weight PAHs. A slight shift to larger particles was found for the accumulation mode in autumn and winter, compared with that of spring and summer. One explanation is that the longer aging process of PAHs in autumn and winter would result in volatilization from finer particles followed by condensation onto coarser particles. Another is there was mixing process of local emission with long-range transported aerosol in autumn and winter. The relative higher value of IcdP/(BghiP+IcdP) and lower value of BghiP/BeP in winter also give evidences to the mixing process. The level of PAHs concentration has been much elevated in recent years. This can be attributed to the fast growth of motor vehicle and energy consumption.     

压实黄土抗剪强度参数影响因素研究

为了进一步研究河南三门峡地区黄土抗剪强度的影响因素,采用应变控制式三轴仪对不同含水量、不同压实度下的重塑黄土进行不固结不排水三轴试验。试验结果表明:相同压实度下,随着含水量的增加,应力应变关系曲线由弱应变硬化向强应变硬化转变;粘聚力与内摩擦角均随含水量的增加而减小,粘聚力与含水量的变化呈明显负线性相关,内摩擦角与含水量无明显的相关性。相同含水量下,粘聚力与内摩擦角随压实度的增加而逐渐增大,且呈现出明显的指数相关。含水量对抗剪强度参数的影响比压实度大。对以上强度参数采用最小二乘法进行拟合,得出考虑含水率和压实度的抗剪强度相关关系式,能够较为准确的反映在某种试验条件下强度参数的变化规律,为实际工程应用和数值模拟提供依据。     

UASB反应器处理染料及印染废水的研究进展

综述了国内外UASB反应器处理染料及印染废水的研究概况.分析了UASB反应器处理废水存在的问题,并给出了相应的建议.展望了UASB反应器处理染料及印染废水的发展趋势,指出厌氧UASB-好氧法组合工艺是目前处理染料及印染废水的一种经济而有效的方法.     

草酸浸取废SCR催化剂制备光催化剂

采用草酸浸取废SCR催化剂,得到钛钨粉,制备Bi₂WO₆/钛钨粉复合光催化剂,考察了其对罗丹明B的光催化降解性能。制备光催化剂的优化工艺条件为：采用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为表面活性剂,n（Bi₂WO₆）∶n（钛钨粉）=2∶1,前驱液pH为5,水热反应时间为18 h。在此条件下制备的光催化剂在可见光下降解罗丹明B,反应 60 min,罗丹明B降解率达94.30%。表征结果显示：钛钨粉小颗粒散落在Bi₂WO₆片表面,为光催化反应提供了更多的活性位点;Bi₂WO₆和钛钨粉两者结合可提高光生电子和空穴的分离效率,进而提高催化剂的光催化活性。Bi₂WO₆/钛钨粉光催化剂对罗丹明 B 的降解符合一级反应动力学规律。     

教师人文素养修炼的再思考

人文素养是以人文知识、人文态度和人文精神为构成要素的人的素质。教师修炼人文素养,可以促进专业发展,提升师德水平。修炼的途径和方法包括更新理念、广泛阅读、提升人格、健康心理等。