Comparative study of microbial community structure in di erent filter media of constructed wetland

Comparisons of microbial community structure, in eight filter media of zeolites, anthracite, shale, vermiculite, ceramic filter media, gravel, steel slag and bio-ceramic, were undertaken by analyzing the phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) composition. A total of 20 fatty acids in the range of C11 to C20 were determined but only 13 PLFAs were detected in steel slag. They consist of saturated fatty acids, branched fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The variation of fatty acids was revealed in the relative proportions of these fatty acids in di erent media. The aerobic prokaryotes were the predominant group in all media. The PLFA composition showed significant di erences among the eight di erent media by Tukey’s honestly test. It was found that steel slag was significantly di erent in the microbial community as compared to other filter media, probably due to its alkaline e uent. Steel slag alone is probably not a good choice of substratum in constructed wetlands. The principle components analysis (PCA) showed that zeolites, bio-ceramic, shale and vermiculite had a similar microbial community structure while steel slag and ceramic filter media were distinct from other media.     

Synthesis and characterization of agricultural controllable humic acid superabsorbent

Humic acid superabsorbent polymer (P(AA/AM-HA)) and superabsorbent polymer (P(AA/AM)) were synthesized by aqueous solution polymerization method using acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AM) and humic acid (HA) as raw material. The effects of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) crosslinking agent, potassium peroxydisulfate (KPS) initiator, reaction temperature, HA content, ratio of AA to AM, concentration of monomer and neutralization of AA on water absorption were investigated. Absorption and desorption ratios of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer were also investigated by determination of absorption and desorption ratio of NH₄⁺, PO₄^3- on P(AA/AM-HA) and P(AA/AM). The P(AA/AM-HA) and P(AA/AM) were characterized by Fourier translation infrared spectroscopy, biological photomicroscope and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The optimal conditions obtained were as follows: the weight ratio of MBA to AA and AM was 0.003; the weight ratio of KPS to AA and AM was 0.008; the weight ratio of HA to AA was 0.1; the mole ratio of AM to AA is 0.1; the mole ratio of NaOH to AA is 0.9; the reaction temperature was 60℃. P(AA/AMHA) synthesized under optimal conditions, has a good saline tolerance, its water absorbency in distilled water and 0.9 wt.% saline solution is 1180 g/g and 110 g/g, respectively. P(AA/AM-HA) achieves half saturation in 6.5 min. P(AA/AM-HA) is superior to P(AA/AM) on absorption of NH₄⁺, PO₄^3-. The SEM micrograph of P(AA/AM-HA) shows a fine alveolate structure. The biological optical microscope micrograph of P(AA/AM-HA) shows a network structure. Graft polymerization between P(AA/AM) and HA was demonstrated by infrared spectrum. The P(AA/AM-HA) superabsorbent has better absorbing ability of water and fertilizer, electrolytic tolerance and fewer cost than P(AA/AM) superabsorbent.     

内蒙古自治区能源概况及各种能源产消情况分析

通过对内蒙古自治区能源概况进行调查,分析内蒙古近几年各种能源的产消情况,这对于内蒙古如何优化能源结构的调整、促进内蒙古的可持续发展有着十分重要的意义。     

中国集成电路制造行业VOCs排放特征及控制对策

中国电子信息产业发展迅速,集成电路等电子器件产量不断增加.在集成电路制造的过程中,大量有机溶剂的使用导致VOCs的产生和排放,从而对大气环境造成影响.为掌握集成电路制造行业VOCs的排放特征,系统分析了其工艺流程和产排污环节,分析了行业废气收集和治理现状,通过对典型企业VOCs的排放监测,获得VOCs排放水平;采用排放因子法核算行业VOCs历史排放量,并基于行业排放特征及减排潜力分析,提出了相应的污染防治对策.结果表明：在集成电路制造中,VOCs排放环节主要集中在光刻、清洗、去胶等过程,1 m²集成电路产量约使用87 g有机溶剂,VOCs产生量较大;通过采取高效的VOCs治理技术,集成电路制造行业有组织排放水平较低,平均浓度为2.1 mg·m^-3,但厂界无组织排放浓度相对较高,平均浓度为0.78 mg·m^-3,接近国家标准的排放限值.根据排放量核算结果,2011—2016年中国集成电路制造行业VOCs排放量呈逐年上升的趋势,主要受产量增加而相应污染控制技术水平提升有限的影响,无组织排放量比重大,占排放总量的38.1%~45.1%.     

粉煤流化床燃烧(PC-FBC)中SO2的生成特性

粉煤流化床(PC-FB)是一项燃烧效率高,同时实现炉内脱硫、低NOx和N2O排放的新型高效、清洁煤燃烧技术.在一座0.3Mw的试验台上,系统研究了其SO2生成与分布特性.主要包括:PC-FBC的SO2生成特性以及床层温度Tb、流化速度u0、二次风率R2、二次风投入位置、二次风喷射角度、喷口尺寸对SO2生成与分布的影响.试验燃用煤种含硫1.71%.在Tb=820～920℃,u0=1.2～3.3m/s,R2=30%～70%的条件下,流化床燃烧区(FBCZ)出口SO2浓度及炉膛出口SO2浓度SO″2分别为520～600ml/m3和1280～1300ml/m3.     

论工业固体废物全过程总量控制

针对我国目前实施工业固体废物排放量总量控制存在的问题,结合国内外研究进展和趋势,提出了工业固体废物的全过程总量控制概念,即：基于工业固体废物的最小产生量、最大综合利用量、最大处理处置量、最小排放量这一连续的、全过程的总量控制程序,并就典型案例介绍了全过程总量控制的两种方法（物质流核算控制法,环境规划控制法）。     

机动车排放检测和维修制度实施效果分析

实施检测和维修制度是机动车污染控制的重要措施 ,机动车排放检测是检测和维修制度的主要内容 .本研究利用累积分布曲线 ,通过双怠速检测排放限值对各类型高排放车辆的识别率 ,从检测数据、现行标准、上线合格率 3个角度对北京市检测和维修制度的排放限值制定、组织形式和实施效果进行分析 ,提出各受检物排放限值的匹配原则 .     

二级SBR系统处理染料废水长期运行的稳定性

考察了处理染料废水的二级SBR系统在连续运行120个周期过程中的稳定性.系统的运行先后经历了低染料浓度和高染料浓度2种情况.试验发现在长期运行过程中,二级SBR系统对进水水质及操作条件具有良好的适应性;能够有效去除废水中的污染物,对染料的平均去除率为81%～92.5%,对COD的平均去除率为89.4%～93.1%;出水水质比较稳定.在二级SBR系统中,厌氧污泥活性高,降解污染物能力强;好氧活性污泥形成团簇状结构,有利于稳定出水水质.     

上海市居民生活用水主要污染物产生系数的研究

通过抽样、调研和取样监测,得到了各季节上海市人均自来水用量和居民生活污水主要污染物浓度的数据,计算出各季节上海市居民生活用水主要污染物产生系数.结果表明,COD产生系数在冬季最高,夏季与春(秋)季较为接近.氨氮、总氮、总磷则是冬季和春(秋)季较为接近,夏季较低.全年平均COD、氨氮、总氮、总磷产生系数分别为54.5,6.4,8.8,0.7g/(人·d).上海市各区按照单位面积居民生活用水主要污染物负荷数值大小划分为4个层次,根据所在层次可采用密集管道集中收集,分片收集,小规模生态处理等污染物削减方案.     

城市街道汽车污染扩散规律模拟研究

如何简单而准确地模拟城市街区污染的扩散规律,对于城市汽车污染控制决策具有重要的意义,从大量实测数据,分析了风速风向等影响街道峡谷污染物扩散的主要因素,采用丹麦开发的街道峡谷模式ＯＳＰＭ,对汽车污染扩散规律进行模拟研究。与北京实测数据对比结果表明,该模式较好地模拟昼间风速风向对街道峡保内汽车污染扩散的影响,比较准确地反映了峡保中流场的主要特征,以及汽车排放污染物的扩散规律,污染物浓度与风速的倒数摈心