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901.
F. Ravera A. Scheidel J. dell’Angelo G. Gamboa T. Serrano S. Mingorría V. Cabello N. Arizpe P. Ariza 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2014,16(4):811-820
While rural transformations are nothing new in human history, current processes of rural change occur under multiple forces at an unprecedented pace, involving profound and unexpected changes in land use and users, and rapid transformations in the metabolic patterns of rural systems. The present special section aims to shed light on current drivers and pathways of rural change by analyzing, under a common conceptual and theoretical framework, examples of new ruralities that are emerging as responses across different world regions. Within this context, this introduction presents: (1) common research questions of the six presented cases of rural change; (2) the general theoretical and methodological framework of integrated assessment of societal metabolism adopted to analyze rural systems and (3) the main contributions and conclusions that could be drawn from six context-specific case studies from Asia, Latin America and Europe. 相似文献
902.
L. P. Agulova A. P. Rostov N. G. Suchkova A. A. Sozonova N. S. Moskvitina 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2014,45(2):128-135
Seasonal dynamics of heart rate variability in individuals of late summer and autumn generations have been studied in three rodent species kept in a vivarium: the striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius), bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus), and northern red-backed vole (Cl. rutilus). It has been shown that the cardiac function of the rodents in autumn and winter is mainly controlled by autonomic mechanisms: the heart rate is slow, cardiovascular control systems are relaxed. During the winter-spring transition, the role of central cardiovascular circuits increases because of the necessity to activate all body systems by spring. 相似文献
903.
I. A. Prokop’ev G. V. Filippova A. A. Shein D. V. Gabyshev 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2014,45(1):18-23
It has been shown that the growth of technogenic dust pollution is accompanied by the accumulation of heavy metals in soil and plant phytomass, compared to the control, and that the morphometric and reproductive characteristics of Matricaria chamomila are most sensitive to the impact of these pollutants. The response of plants is manifested in increased variation in morphological characters, mobilization of compensatory protective biochemical mechanisms, and production of more viable seed progeny. 相似文献
904.
Yu. I. Novitskii G. V. Novitskaya D. R. Molokanov Yu. A. Serdyukov 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2014,45(3):201-208
Experiments have been performed to evaluate the impact of weak permanent horizontal magnetic field of about 400 A/m on seed formation in the main magnetic orientation types of radish, the north-south (NS) and west-east (WE) types. The results show that external magnetic field exposure retards plant progression through all stages of ontogeny but does not alter the ratio of NS and WE types. Under its effect, the numbers of pods and seeds and seed weight decrease in the NS-type but increase in the WS-type plants. Therefore, external magnetic field acts as an ecological factor that differentiates the responses of radish plants depending on the type of their magnetic orientation. Differences in the sensitivity of plants to magnetic field exposure are explained by specific features of their physiological status. 相似文献
905.
The structure of bumblebee communities has been studied in some ecosystems of Kunashir Island and Southern Sakhalin. The island taxocenes include five to eight bumblebee species. Bombus hypnorum is dominant in the majority of habitats. In geothermal areas near hot springs on Kunashir, the families of this species develop more rapidly than in areas without geothermal heating. 相似文献
906.
Consideration is given to changes in the vegetation and climatic conditions on the eastern slope of the Northern Urals in the second half of the Holocene as reconstructed on the basis of integrated palynological, botanical, paleocarpological, and radiocarbon analysis of material from a peat bog section in the floodplain of the Loz’va River. The results show that the northern taiga zone of the study region in the period between approximately 5000 and 700 years BP was occupied by forests of southern taiga facies, as the climate was significantly warmer than it is today. 相似文献
907.
G. V. Vorobyev A. Yu. Alyabyev T. I. Ogorodnikova A. F. Khamidullin V. N. Vorobyev 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2014,45(2):90-94
Microcalorimetric, gasometric, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods have been used to evaluate heat production, gas exchange, and root membrane permeability in dandelion of different morphological forms from populations exposed to different levels of air pollution. The results show that these forms differ in the level of energy metabolism and that the form with a higher metabolic level (T. off. f. dahlstedtii) is more tolerant of air pollution with motor vehicle exhausts. 相似文献
908.
The food supply to a large metropolis such as Paris involves huge fluxes of goods, which considerably impact the surrounding rural territories. Here, we present an attempt to localise Paris food supply areas, over a period of two centuries (1786, 1886, 2006), based on the analysis of data from transportation and production statistics for cereals, animal products, and fruits and vegetables, all three categories being expressed in terms of their nitrogen (i.e. protein) content. The results show contrasting trends for the three types of agricultural products. As for cereals, the Paris supply area remained for the most part restricted to the central area of the Paris basin, a region which gradually became specialised in intensive cereal production. Conversely, as animal farming had been progressively excluded from this area, regions located west and north of Paris (Brittany, Normandy, Nord-Pas-de-Calais) gradually dominated the supply of animal products to the metropolis. In addition, imported feed from South America today contributes as much as one-third of the total ration of feed in the livestock raised in these regions. For fruits and vegetables, about one-half of the Paris supply currently comes from long-distance imports, the other half coming from areas less than 200 km from Paris. As a whole, the Paris food supply area, although it has obviously enlarged in recent periods, is still anchored to an unexpected extent (about 50%) in its traditional nearby hinterland roughly coinciding with the Seine watershed, and in the regions specialised in animal farming located west and north. On the other hand, the agricultural system of the main food supply areas has considerably opened to global markets. 相似文献
909.
Heat waves and floods in urban areas: a policy-oriented review of ecosystem services 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Urbanisation is increasing and today more than a half of the world’s population lives in urban areas. Cities, especially those
where urbanisation is un-planned or poorly planned, are increasingly vulnerable to hydro-meteorological hazards such as heat
waves and floods. Urban areas tend to degrade the environment, fragmenting and isolating ecosystems, compromising their capacity
to provide services. The regulating role of ecosystems in buffering hydro-meteorological hazards and reducing urban vulnerability
has not received adequate policy attention until now. Whereas there is a wide body of studies in the specialised biological
and ecological literature about particular urban ecosystem features and the impacts of hazards upon people and infrastructures,
there is no policy-driven overview looking holistically at the ways in which ecosystem features can be managed by cities to
reduce their vulnerability to hazards. Using heat waves and floods as examples, this review article identifies the aggravating
factors related to urbanisation, the various regulating ecosystem services that buffer cities from hydro-meteorological impacts
as well as the impacts of the hazards on the ecosystem. The review also assesses how different cities have attempted to manage
related ecosystem services and draws policy-relevant conclusions. 相似文献
910.
G. N. Tikhonova I. A. Tikhonov E. V. Kotenkova A. I. Munteanu I. G. Uspenskaya Yu. N. Konovalov V. I. Burlaku V. F. Kiku S. D. Georgitsa N. K. Karaman V. B. Nistreanu A. N. Mal’tsev 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2012,43(3):236-242
Comparative analysis of the structure of small mammal communities has been performed in two European cities located in different biomes: Chisinau (2008?C2009) and Yaroslavl (1994?C2002). The parameters studied included abundance, species composition, similarity and difference of faunas, species diversity, and proportions of groups differing in predisposition to synanthropy. It has been found that the structure of small mammal communities in these cities depends on specific physiographic conditions of the surrounding areas and on the distinctive features of the cities themselves (their structure, age, etc.). The similarity between the faunas is accounted for by the common ecological patterns of fauna formation in the biota of urban cenoses. 相似文献