Antioxidative response to Cd in a newly discovered cadmium hyperaccumulator, Arabis paniculata F

A hydroponic experiment was carried out to study the effect of cadmium (Cd) on growth, Cd accumulation, lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and antioxidative enzymes in leaves and roots of Arabis paniculata F., a new Cd hyperaccumuator found in China. The results showed that 22-89 microM Cd in solution enhanced the growth of A. paniculata after three weeks, with 21-27% biomass increase compared to the control. Cd concentrations in shoots and roots increased with increasing Cd supply levels, and reached a maximum of 1662 and 8670 mg kg(-1) Cd dry weight at 178 microM Cd treatment, respectively. In roots, 22-89 microM Cd reduced the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide (O(2)(-1)) and H(2)O(2) as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR). In leaves, the contents of MDA, O(2)(-1) and H(2)O(2) remained unaffected by 22-89 microM Cd, while 178 microM Cd treatment significantly increased the MDA content, 69.5% higher than that of the control; generally, the activities of SOD, catalase (CAT), GPX and APX showed an increasing pattern with increasing Cd supply levels. Our present work concluded that A. paniculata has a great capability of Cd tolerance and accumulation. Moderate Cd treatment (22-89 microM Cd) alleviated the oxidative stress in roots, while higher level of Cd addition (178 microM) could cause an increasing generation of ROS, which was effectively scavenged by the antioxidative system.     

不同天气型下武汉城市圈PM2.5污染及大气层结特征分析

利用2015—2019年PM_2.5和气象要素观测资料、NCEP和ERA5再分析资料,分析不同天气型下武汉城市圈PM_2.5区域污染时空分布、天气尺度环流和大气层结特征.结果表明,城市圈污染以武汉为中心,多为轻度-中度污染,西部重于东部.造成武汉城市圈区域污染增长的天气形势包括4类,分别为冷高压底前部型、高压后部型、均压场型和低压倒槽型.4类污染天气型均有较低的混合层高度和地表通风系数,且边界层存在弱下沉运动和逆温,抑制污染垂直扩散.但气象要素影响PM_2.5污染的机理各异：冷高压底前部型主要为大气压梯度引导偏北大风带来污染物远程输送,边界层冷平流导致低温、锋面逆温和浅薄高湿层(65%～80%),强输入性污染配合吸湿性累积增长造成严重污染,逆温厚度对PM_2.5增幅作用明显;低压倒槽型东南风输入污染弱,但高温、低压引起气流辐合导致本地污染汇积,边界层暖平流带来平流逆温和深厚湿层(1000～750 hPa),逆温层底高偏低、厚度偏厚,促进污染物在近地面吸湿增长;高压后部和均压场型均为浅薄湿层(1000～975...     

浅谈滨海湿地生态环境退化监测与评价

指出了滨海湿地面临的主要环境问题。简述了美国、欧洲、澳大利亚等滨海湿地现状及监测评价方法。对我国滨海湿地管理与研究进展进行了分析探索。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测地表水中11种酚类化合物

建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱法同时测定地表水中11种酚类化合物的方法。水样经过全自动固相萃取仪富集,以HLB柱为萃取柱,乙腈(含1%乙酸)为洗脱剂,用高效液相色谱仪分析定量。该方法在0.5~5.0 mg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数为0.999 6~0.999 9,11种酚类化合物的纯水加标回收率为82.0%~111%,地表水加标回收率为98.5%~116%,精密度为3.58%~4.67%,检出限为1×10-4~5×10-4mg/L,该方法简单实用、准确可靠,可用于地表水中酚类化合物的同时测定。     

高效液相色谱-电喷雾离子源-串联三重四极杆质谱法分析地表水中高氯酸盐

建立了高效液相色谱-电喷雾离子源-串联三重四极杆质谱(HPLC-ESI-MS/MS)测定地表水中高氯酸盐的方法。以Dionex IonPac AG20阴离子交换柱为分析柱,弱碱性的0.056%氨水/5 mmol/L乙酸氨为流动相,1.0 mL/min的流速,电喷雾负离子模式电离,MS/MS串联质谱为检测器,多反应监测(MRM)模式检测高氯酸盐。方法检出限达0.043μg/L,线性范围为0.2~50μg/L,线性相关系数为0.999 4,含量分别约为2、6、30μg/L的实际样品进样10次得到的相对标准偏差分别为2.47%、4.55%、0.49%,样品加标回收率在80%~109%,将该法与US EPA method314.0进行比对,结果基本吻合。     

Vegetation NDVI Linked to Temperature and Precipitation in the Upper Catchments of Yellow River

Vegetation in the upper catchment of Yellow River is critical for the ecological stability of the whole watershed. The dominant vegetation cover types in this region are grassland and forest, which can strongly influence the eco-environmental status of the whole watershed. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for grassland and forest has been calculated and its daily correlation models were deduced by Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer products on 12 dates in 2000, 2003, and 2006. The responses of the NDVI values with the inter-annual grassland and forest to three climatic indices (i.e., yearly precipitation and highest and lowest temperature) were analyzed showing that, except for the lowest temperature, the yearly precipitation and highest temperature had close correlations with the NDVI values of the two vegetation communities. The value of correlation coefficients ranged from 0.815 to 0.951 (p?<?0.01). Furthermore, the interactions of NDVI values of vegetation with the climatic indicators at monthly interval were analyzed. The NDVI of vegetation and three climatic indices had strong positive correlations (larger than 0.733, p?<?0.01). The monthly correlations also provided the threshold values for the three climatic indictors, to be used for simulating vegetation growth grassland under different climate features, which is essential for the assessment of the vegetation growth and for regional environmental management.     

重金属铜离子在分层土壤中的迁移机制

以重金属铜离子为研究对象,设计了包含黏土防护层、壤土运移层、竹炭(碳粉)净化层组成的复杂室内大土柱(直径Φ=280 mm)模型。在重金属铜离子运移试验研究的基础上,着重分析了铜离子在具有复杂分层结构土柱模型中的迁移规律。结果表明,黏土对铜离子的吸附阻滞作用显著高于壤土,阻滞效率在91%左右。经黏土阻滞后,碳粉净化层与壤土层自净效率约占7.5%,显著降低了模型出口铜离子残余量(可降至总量的0.45%)。对设计研究模型,试验结果充分体现出黏土吸附阻滞作用为主、碳粉净化作用为辅的显著特性。因此,如将此理念推广至地下水环境保护实践,则可简称之为"以防为主,以治为辅"的地下水环境保护理念。     

环保新常态下环境保护综合名录工作的定位与重点探究

本文分析总结了环保新常态下面临的环保新形势,对环境管理转型提出的新要求,认为在环境管理模式由污染控制导向向质量改善导向转变,环境管理思路由注重行政许可、事前审批、指标分配向注重事中事后监管、市场自治、社会共治转变的背景下,现有环境管理制度体系整体与政策手段个体的覆盖主体、切入界面、作用机制、内在逻辑等基础理论问题需要再审视,制度架构顶层设计和分工体系需要再完善。在此背景和趋势下,本文从理论和实践两个层面深入探析了名录工具和产品主体在环境管理中的特性与作用,认为产品是市场经济条件下同时承载功能流、价值流和资源环境流的流通载体,也是制定差别化环境监管政策与市场监管政策、建立跨主体环境成本合理分担机制的最恰当主体,以此为基础,清晰界定了环境管理系统化、科学化、法制化、精细化、信息化转型要求下环保综合名录的本质特征、基本定位和潜力方向,并提出了综合名录工作下一阶段的重点任务。     

推拉理论视角下的农村宅基地退出机制研究——基于南京市栖霞区农户意愿调查

以推拉理论为视角,分别从农村宅基地作为资源和资产属性以及拥有农村宅基地使用权的农民迁移到城市这两个角度,重新梳理影响农户宅基地退出意愿的因素,建立了农村宅基地退出影响因素的推拉分析框架。在理论分析的基础上,利用在南京市栖霞区农村实地调查得到的数据,建立二元Logistic模型归纳主要影响农户退出意愿的推力和拉力因素。研究发现,受教育水平、农户年总收入、家庭居住人口数和农户是否参加农村养老保险是宅基地退出的主要推动因素;而非农业收入占比、外出务工人口数、是否参加城镇养老保险、是否拥有城镇住所、是否有宅基地产权证书以及宅基地抵押权认知情况是影响宅基地退出的主要拉力因素。基于以上的影响因素分析,提出完善农村宅基地退出机制的政策建议。     

恩施地区生态足迹和生态承载力评价

以恩施地区2010年统计数据为依据,对其2010年的生态足迹、生态承载力、生态盈余进行计算和分析,并将生态足迹、生态承载力、生态盈余和万元GDP生态足迹分别与恩施地区贫困村分布密度进行空间耦合。研究表明：（1）恩施地区人均生态盈余为0467 hm2,人均生态承载力为0947 1 hm2,人均生态足迹为048 hm2;（2）贫困村分布密度最高的来凤县、建始县人均生态盈余很少,而贫困村分布密度最低的利川市、咸丰县、宣恩县、鹤峰县,人均生态足迹最高和最低的县分别是咸丰县、宣恩县,鹤峰县的生态承载力最高,人均生态盈余最高的是宣恩县、鹤峰县,万元GDP生态足迹最高和最低的分别是利川市,巴东县;（3）通过生态足迹的研究,提出了恩施贫困地区需放大生态比较优势,〖JP2〗因地制宜,努力将生态盈余转化为直接的经济增长,使之能够有效的帮助贫困地区脱贫致富