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991.
992.
不同轨道梁模型对磁悬浮车/桥垂向耦合动力响应的影响探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
磁悬浮铁路大量采用了封闭式高架桥。目前国内的磁悬浮车 /桥动力响应研究的模型中 ,轨道梁大多假设为梁单元。笔者将分别建立梁单元和板壳元的轨道梁模型 ,通过自编车 /桥垂向耦合程序 ,探讨这两种模型在不同车速和轨道状态下对磁悬浮车辆 /桥垂向耦合动力响应的影响。笔者得出在一定车速以下梁单元轨道梁模型梁跨中挠度将稍小于板壳元轨道梁模型的梁跨中挠度 ,而车体加速度相差不大 ,说明轨道梁假设为梁单元是简单合理的 ;不同轨道状态时 ,板壳元轨道梁模型和梁单元轨道梁模型的梁跨中挠度相差不很大 ,但车体垂向加速度相差较大 ,因此 ,在不同轨道状态下轨道梁模型的选取对磁悬浮车辆 /桥动力响应的影响较大。这些研究将对磁悬浮高架线路设计和磁悬浮列车安全运行具有一定的理论指导意义。 相似文献
993.
HSE管理体系的实践、问题与对策研究 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4
介绍了HSE管理体系的概念和内涵及中国石油天然气集团公司 (CNPC)实施HSE管理体系的概况。分析了目前CNPC实施HSE管理体系所遇到的主要问题 ,其中包括观念问题、组织问题和技术问题。并针对这些问题提出了相应的解决思路和措施 ,其中包括 :管理层观念的确立 ,对职工持续的教育 ,对技术的重视以及对现有组织制度有碍于HSE实施的部分进行改革。 相似文献
994.
Pote DH Kingery WL Aiken GE Han FX Moore PA Buddington K 《Journal of environmental quality》2003,32(6):2392-2398
Poultry litter provides a rich source of nutrients for perennial forages, but the usual practice of surface-applying litter to pastures can degrade water quality by allowing nutrients to be transported from fields in surface runoff, while much of the NH4-N volatilizes. Incorporating litter into the soil can minimize such problems in tilled systems, but has not been used for perennial forage systems. In this study, we minimized disturbance of the crop, thatch, and soil structure by using a knifing technique to move litter into the root zone. Our objective was to determine effects of poultry litter incorporation on quantity and quality of runoff water. Field plots were constructed on a silt loam soil with well-established bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] and mixed grass forage. Each plot had 8 to 10% slopes, borders to isolate runoff, and a downslope trough with sampling pit. Poultry litter was applied (5.6 Mg ha(-1)) by one of three methods: surface-applied, incorporated, or surface-applied on soil-aeration cuts. There were six treatment replications and three controls (no litter). Nutrient concentrations and mass losses in runoff from incorporated litter were significantly lower (generally 80-95% less) than in runoff from surface-applied litter. By the second year of treatment, litter-incorporated soils had greater rain infiltration rates, water-holding capacities, and sediment retention than soils receiving surface-applied litter. Litter incorporation also showed a strong tendency to increase forage yield. 相似文献
995.
Long-Term Effects of Fertilization on Soil Organic Carbon Changes in Continuous Corn of Northeast China: RothC Model Simulations 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Soil organic C (SOC) content can increase by managing land use practices in which the rates of organic C input exceed those of organic C mineralization. Understanding the changes in SOC content of Black soils (mainly Typic Halpudoll) in northeast China is necessary for sustainable using of soil resources there. We used the RothC model to estimate SOC levels of Black soils under monoculture cropping corn in a long-term fertilization trial at Gongzhuling, Jilin Province, China. The model outputs for the changes in SOC were compared with measured data in this long-term fertilization/manure trial. The sound performance of model in simulating SOC changes suggests that RothC is feasible with Black soils in the temperate climatic region of northeast China. The modeled and measured results indicated that the treatment without fertilizer/farmyard manure (FYM) addition led to a continuous decline in SOC during the study period and N and NPK fertilization were inadequate to maintain the SOC levels in the plow layer (upper 20 cm) unless FYM was added under the current conventional management associated with no above-ground crop residues returning into the soil. Soil organic carbon could follow the same path of decline if the same management practices are maintained. Model results indicate that returning above-ground crop residues to the soil from 2002 to 2022 would increase SOC by 26% for the treatment without fertilization addition, 40% for N treatment, 45% for NPK treatment, and 38% and 46% for N and NPK treatments with FYM addition, compared to the levels in the corresponding treatments in 2002. The simulation results suggest that the RothC model is a feasible tool to assess SOC trend under different management practices, and returning above-ground crop residues into the soil would lead to a remarkable increase in SOC of Black soils in the region. 相似文献
996.
A study was conducted to investigate the effect of organic acids on Cd and Cu desorption from natural contaminated soils (NCS) with permanent contamination by metal smelters and from artificial contaminated soils (ACS) derived from an artificial amendment of Cd to three representative zonal soils in Central China. Results showed that the desorption of Cd in either NCS or ACS, with the increment of tartrate or citrate concentration in desorption solution, can be characterized as a valley-like curve. The presence of tartrate or citrate at a low concentration (< or =0.5 mmol/l) inhibited Cd desorption from these two types of soils, whereas the presence of organic acids at high concentrations (> or =2 mmol/l for citrate and about > or =15 mmol/l for tartrate) apparently promoted Cd desorption. The desorption curve of Cu by tartrate solution with different tartrate concentrations can also be characterized as a valley-like curve, while the desorption of Cu in the presence of citrate was directly enhanced with the increment of citrate concentration. With the enhancement of initial pH value from 2 to 8 in the presence of citrate, Cu desorption ratio decreased at the first stage, then increased, and then decreased again. A valley and a peak sequentially appeared in the Cd or Cu desorption curve with initial pH value increment. Compared with citrate, the desorption ratio of Cd or Cu from NCS or ACS was directly decreased in the presence of tartrate, with the enhancement of the pH value from 2 to 8. Cd or Cu desorption was clearly enhanced when the electrolyte concentration of KNO3 or KCl increased in the presence of 2 mmol/l tartrate. Moreover, a higher desorption ratio of Cd or Cu was shown with KCl electrolyte than with KNO3 electrolyte with the same concentration. Based on these observations, we suggest that bioavailabilities of heavy metal can be promoted with selected suitable types and concentrations of organic acid amendment and reasonable field condition. 相似文献
997.
黄河三角洲农业开发与可持续发展研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文分析了黄河三角洲农业开发的有利条件、开发现状和存在的主要问题,探讨了农业生产的合理布局,提出了农业可持续发展的对策. 相似文献
998.
研究了近三十年来发生于江苏省的5次较大的地裂缝事件,分析了地裂缝在江苏省内的时空分布特征及各次地裂缝事件的主要形成原因,提出了构造地裂缝与非构造地裂缝的判别准则,最后探讨了地裂缝灾害的防治对策。 相似文献
999.
1000.
浙江省灾害预防与经济协调发展的系统动态学模型 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文运用系统工程原理和系统动态学方法,构造了浙江省灾害预防与社会经济协调发展的系统动态学模型,并运用该模型对浙江省进行了初步的仿真研究,以寻求适宜的防灾政策。 相似文献