全文获取类型
收费全文 | 511篇 |
免费 | 2篇 |
国内免费 | 9篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 8篇 |
废物处理 | 27篇 |
环保管理 | 23篇 |
综合类 | 158篇 |
基础理论 | 131篇 |
污染及防治 | 130篇 |
评价与监测 | 23篇 |
社会与环境 | 21篇 |
灾害及防治 | 1篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 3篇 |
2022年 | 3篇 |
2018年 | 3篇 |
2017年 | 10篇 |
2016年 | 4篇 |
2015年 | 14篇 |
2014年 | 11篇 |
2013年 | 15篇 |
2012年 | 22篇 |
2011年 | 26篇 |
2010年 | 21篇 |
2009年 | 20篇 |
2008年 | 17篇 |
2007年 | 40篇 |
2006年 | 23篇 |
2005年 | 12篇 |
2004年 | 22篇 |
2003年 | 13篇 |
2002年 | 23篇 |
2001年 | 18篇 |
2000年 | 16篇 |
1999年 | 8篇 |
1998年 | 11篇 |
1997年 | 8篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 3篇 |
1994年 | 9篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1967年 | 6篇 |
1966年 | 5篇 |
1965年 | 11篇 |
1964年 | 8篇 |
1963年 | 10篇 |
1962年 | 6篇 |
1961年 | 5篇 |
1960年 | 4篇 |
1958年 | 3篇 |
1957年 | 3篇 |
1954年 | 6篇 |
排序方式: 共有522条查询结果,搜索用时 156 毫秒
471.
Occurrence, behavior and effects of nanoparticles in the environment 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
The increasing use of engineered nanoparticles (NP) in industrial and household applications will very likely lead to the release of such materials into the environment. Assessing the risks of these NP in the environment requires an understanding of their mobility, reactivity, ecotoxicity and persistency. This review presents an overview of the classes of NP relevant to the environment and summarizes their formation, emission, occurrence and fate in the environment. The engineered NP are thereby compared to natural products such as soot and organic colloids. To date only few quantitative analytical techniques for measuring NP in natural systems are available, which results in a serious lack of information about their occurrence in the environment. Results from ecotoxicological studies show that certain NP have effects on organisms under environmental conditions, though mostly at elevated concentrations. The next step towards an assessment of the risks of NP in the environment should therefore be to estimate the exposure to the different NP. It is also important to notice that most NP in technical applications are functionalized and therefore studies using pristine NP may not be relevant for assessing the behavior of the NP actually used. 相似文献
472.
Hartmut Koehler Tobias Frische Ingo Dobner Peter Behrend Maike Schaefer Heidi Taubner Bernd Jastorff Jürgen Warrelmann Ulrich Walter 《Environmental Sciences Europe》2001,13(5):291-300
Results of a field experiment (please refer to Warrelmann et al. 2000a) document TNT-degradation and regeneration after the establishment of a phytoremediation. Various approaches are included in a complex monitoring system, which are conducted in the field (nitroaromatics in soil, seepage water, and plants; soil fauna; soil fungi; decomposition) as well as in the lab (a battery of 6 biotests). The data document a high heterogeneity of the TNT-contamination, a rapid initial decrease and a mediocre displacement of nitroaromatics in plants and seepage water. The initial rapid transformation of TNT to aminodinitrotoluenes ceases significantly after 3 months. Results of the biotest battery allow a sophisticated assessment of soil toxicity; the results from the soil ecological field investigations make the long-term effects of TNT-contamination likely. In a third part of the series of articles, a synopsis and judgement of the project will be delivered. 相似文献
473.
Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) were exposed to different types of water containing PGE salts (PtCl4, PdSO4, RhCl3) to investigate the influence of humic substances on the aqueous solubility, uptake and bioaccumulation of noble metals. The results showed a time dependent decrease of the aqueous PGE concentrations in tank water for all groups. This could mainly be related to non-biological processes. The aqueous solubility of Pd and Rh was higher in humic water compared with non-chlorinated tap water, whereas Pt showed opposing results. Highest metal uptake rates and highest bioaccumulation plateaus were found for Pd, followed by Pt and Rh. Pd uptake and bioaccumulation was significantly hampered by humic substances, whose presence appear to increase Pt uptake and bioaccumulation. No clear trend emerged for Rh. Differences in effects of humic matter among the PGE may be explained by formation of metal complexes with different fractions of humic substances. 相似文献
474.
This work was initiated to study the effects of climate induced soil water status variations which can reach extreme values under natural conditions on the sorption process of hydrophobic organic compounds. Based on the classical slurry batch methodology an approach is developed that allows the fast and careful complete drying of soil suspensions (microwave technique). Classical adsorption experiments were followed by three desorption steps with and without drying cycles. Drying and re-wetting enhanced the sorption-desorption hysteresis and Freundlich adsorption coefficients increased from 5.9 to 16 and 5.2 to 21 over three drying cycles for diuron and terbuthylazine respectively. Assuming the validity of a dual stage adsorption process, model evaluation suggests that drying is as a shrinking-like process leading to conformational changes of the dominant sorbent (soil organic matter) which restrict the intra-micro-particle diffusion. Rewetting only leads to a partial recovery of the diffusional pore space. 相似文献
475.
Pavlović J Stopić S Friedrich B Kamberović Z 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2007,14(7):518-522
Goal, Scope and Background This paper is a part of the research work on ‘Integrated treatment of industrial wastes towards prevention of regional water
resources contamination — INTREAT’ the project. It addresses the environmental pollution problems associated with solid and
liquid waste/effluents produced by sulfide ore mining and metallurgical activities in the Copper Mining and Smelting Complex
Bor (RTB-BOR), Serbia. However, since the minimum solubility for the different metals usually found in the polluted water
occurs at different pH values and the hydroxide precipitates are amphoteric in nature, selective removal of mixed metals could
be achieved as the multiple stage precipitation. For this reason, acid mine water had to be treated in multiple stages in
a continuous precipitation system-cascade line reactor.
Materials and Methods All experiments were performed using synthetic metal-bearing effluent with chemical a composition similar to the effluent
from open pit, Copper Mining and Smelting Complex Bor (RTB-BOR). That effluent is characterized by low pH (1.78) due to the
content of sulfuric acid and heavy metals, such as Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Zn with concentrations of 76.680, 26.130, 0.113, 11.490,
1.020 mg/dm3, respectively. The cascade line reactor is equipped with the following components: for feeding of effluents, for injection
of the precipitation agent, for pH measurements and control, and for removal of the process gases. The precipitation agent
was 1M NaOH. In each of the three reactors, a changing of pH and temperature was observed. In order to verify efficiency of
heavy metals removal, chemical analyses of samples taken at different pH was done using AES-ICP.
Results Consumption of NaOH in reactors was 370 cm3, 40 cm3 and 80 cm3, respectively. Total time of the experiment was 4 h including feeding of the first reactor. The time necessary to achieve
the defined pH value was 25 min for the first reactor and 13 min for both second and third reactors. Taking into account the
complete process in the cascade line reactor, the difference between maximum and minimum temperature was as low as 6°C. The
quantity of solid residue in reactors respectively was 0.62 g, 2.05 g and 3.91 g. In the case of copper, minimum achieved
concentration was 0.62 mg/dm3 at pH = 10.4. At pH = 4.50 content of iron has rapidly decreased to < 0.1 mg/dm3 and maintained constant at all higher pH values. That means that precipitation has already ended at pH=4.5 and maximum efficiency
of iron removal was 99.53%. The concentration of manganese was minimum at pH value of 11.0. Minimum obtained concentration
of Zn was 2.18 mg/dm3 at a pH value of 11. If pH value is higher than 11, Zn can be re-dissolved. The maximum efficiency of Ni removal reached
76.30% at a pH value of 10.4.
Discussion Obtained results show that efficiency of copper, iron and manganese removal is very satisfactory (higher than 90%). The obtained
efficiency of Zn and Ni removal is lower (72.30% and 76.31%, respectively). The treated effluent met discharge water standard
according to The Council Directive 76/464/EEC on pollution caused by certain dangerous substances into the aquatic environment
of the Community. Maximum changing of temperature during the whole process was 6°C.
Conclusion This technology, which was based on inducing chemical precipitation of heavy metals is viable for selective removal of heavy
metals from metal-bearing effluents in three reactor systems in a cascade line.
Recommendations and Perspectives The worldwide increasing concern for the environment and guidelines regarding effluent discharge make their treatment necessary
for safe discharge in water receivers. In the case where the effluents contain valuable metals, there is also an additional
economic interest to recover these metals and to recycle them as secondary raw materials in different production routes.
ESS-Submission Editor: PhD Hailong Wang, hailong.wang@ensisjv.com 相似文献
476.
Occurrence and distribution of novel botryococcene hydrocarbons in freshwater wetlands of the Florida Everglades 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A high abundance of isoprenoid hydrocarbons, the botryococcenes, with carbon numbers from 32 to 34 were detected in the Florida Everglades freshwater wetlands. These compounds were present in varying amounts up to 106microg/gdw in periphyton, 278microg/gdw in floc, and 46microg/gdw in soils. Their structures were determined based on comparison to standards, interpretation of their mass spectra and those of their hydrogenation products, and comparison of Kovats indexes to those reported in the literature. A total of 26 cyclic and acyclic botryococcenes with 8 skeletons were identified, including those with fewer degrees of unsaturation, which are proposed as early diagenetic derivatives from the natural products. This is the first report that botryococcenes occur in the Everglades freshwater wetlands. Their potential biogenetic sources from green algae and cyanobacteria were examined, but neither contained botryococcenes. Thus, the source implication of botryococcenes in this ecosystem needs further study. 相似文献
477.
A geophysical seismic survey was conducted in the summer of 2001 off the northeastern coast of Sakhalin Island, Russia. The
area of seismic exploration was immediately adjacent to the Piltun feeding grounds of the endangered western gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus). This study investigates relative abundance, behavior, and movement patterns of gray whales in relation to occurrence and
proximity to the seismic survey by employing scan sampling, focal follow, and theodolite tracking methodologies. These data
were analyzed in relation to temporal, environmental, and seismic related variables to evaluate potential disturbance reactions
of gray whales to the seismic survey. The relative numbers of whales and pods recorded from five shore-based stations were
not significantly different during periods when seismic surveys were occurring compared to periods when no seismic surveys
were occurring and to the post-seismic period. Univariate analyses indicated no significant statistical correlation between
seismic survey variables and any of the eleven movement and behavior variables. Multiple regression analyses indicated that,
after accounting for temporal and environmental variables, 6 of 11 movement and behavior variables (linearity, acceleration,
mean direction, blows per surfacing, and surface-dive blow rate) were not significantly associated with seismic survey variables,
and 5 of 11 variables (leg speed, reorientation rate, distance-from-shore, blow interval, and dive time) were significantly
associated with seismic survey variables. In summary, after accounting for environmental variables, no correlation was found
between seismic survey variables and the linearity of whale movements, changes in whale swimming speed between theodolite
fixes, mean direction of whale movement, mean number of whale exhalations per minute at the surface, mean time at the surface,
and mean number of exhalations per minute during a whales surface-to-dive cycle. In contrast, at higher received sound energy
exposure levels, whales traveled faster, changed directions of movement less, were recorded further from shore, and stayed
under water longer between respirations. 相似文献
478.
479.
Manfred Lenzen Christopher Dey Barney Foran Asaph Widmer-Cooper Ralf Ohlemüller Moira Williams Thomas Wiedmann 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2013,18(4):377-416
In this article, we develop a modelling approach which examines selected drivers of ecosystem functioning and agricultural productivity. In particular, we develop linkages between land use and biodiversity and between biodiversity and agricultural productivity. We review the literature for quantitative estimates of key relationships and their parameters for modelling human consumption, land use, energy use, and greenhouse gas emissions on biodiversity and agricultural productivity. We assemble these specifications into an iterative causal model and carry out a number of scenario projections of country-level consumption, production, land use, energy use, greenhouse gas emissions, species diversity, and agricultural production up to 2050. Finally, we dissect the projections into key drivers using structural decomposition and sensitivity analyses. 相似文献
480.
Marta Pardos Susana Pérez Rafael Calama Rafael Alonso Manfred J. Lexer 《Regional Environmental Change》2017,17(1):17-32
This study addresses the impact of climate change and management approach on the provision of four ecosystem services (ES) (timber production, protection against gravitational hazards, carbon sequestration and biodiversity) in Valsaín forest in central Spain. The hybrid forest patch model PICUS v1.6 was used to simulate the development of 24 representative stand types over 100 years (2010–2110) in a full factorial simulation experiment combining three management regimes [“business as usual” management (BAU) and two alternatives to BAU (AM1 and AM2)], a no-management scenario (NOM) and six climate scenarios (historic climate represented by the period 1961–1990 and five transient climate change scenarios). Simulations indicated relatively small differences as regards the impact of the different management alternatives (BAU, AM1 and AM2) on the provision of ES as well as a clear improvement in biodiversity, protection and carbon storage under the no-management regime (NOM). Although timber production indicators were the most sensitive to climate change scenarios, biodiversity-related indicators responded fastest to the management regimes applied. Indicators of protection against rockfall and landslides were affected by both management and climate change. The results indicate substantial vulnerability of ES provisioning under the more extreme climate change scenarios at low elevations (1250 m). At higher elevations, the productivity of Scots pine stands may show a moderate decrease or increase, depending on the climate change scenario. 相似文献