大连市海岛环境意识调查与环境教育对策研究

对大连市长兴岛、大长山岛部分学生进行海岛生态安全环境意识问卷调查,通过定性与定量分析(主成分分析),了解当前海岛生态环境现状及居民环境意识、环境行为和环境意愿,为海岛可持续发展与学校环境教育研究提供重要的理论基础。希望这次问卷调查能为将来环境教育的实施提供一定的理论依据,同时也影响、改善学生的环境行为,促进环境行为和环境意识的协调发展,为提高学生的环境素养和探寻合理的环境教育模式提出建议。     

吉林省工业危险废物资源现状与循环利用

吉林省2007年工业危险废物总量为559．31万t,全省工业危险废物贮存总量为489．23万t,占全省工业危险废物总量的87．47％。吉林地区工业危险废物产生量最高,为123．02万t。全省工业危险废物综合处理指数为12．51,工业危险废物处理量很低。辽源地区工业危险废物综合处理指数最高,为100．00,长春地区工业危险废物综合处理指数亦较高,为98．54。长春地区现又有全省较大的工业危险废物处理厂。综合考虑,建立以长春和吉林地区为核心的工业危险废物循环利用和处置中心,加强工业危险废物的循环利用,不仅能合理地利用再生资源、增加社会经济效益,还能从根本上有效地防止工业危险废物对环境的污染。     

Research on Methods of Ecological Security Assessment of the Middle and Lower Reaches of Liaohe River Based on GIS

1INTRODUCTIONResources and environment crisis are accompanied byincreasing economic development pressures and rapidpopulation growth in many countries of the world(RobSwart,1996).Ecological security is a hotspot.Majorityof scholars have taken in the hot discussions of ecologicalsecurity of different regions,most of which is differentfrom their background of subjects(Alex F.Mc Calla,1999;Xiao Duning,Chen Wenbo and Guo Fuliang,2002).With the development of GIS,GPS,RS and modeltechno…     

GIS支持下辽宁省海岸带生态安全空间差异评价研究

辽宁沿海经济带在振兴辽宁老工业基地政策中起着至关重要的作用,但近年来随着沿海地区的经济开发,人海关系矛盾尖锐,生态安全问题层出不穷.文章选取辽宁海岸带30个县市区,基于压力——状态——响应(P-S-R)框架建立生态安全评价指标体系,并采用层次分析法和熵权法进行生态安全状态评价,绘制生态安全空间差异专题地图,最后提出辽宁海岸带的生态安全建设的途径和对策.     

燃煤工业区不同土地利用类型土壤汞含量污染评价

为揭示黄土高原燃煤工业区不同土地利用方式下土壤Hg污染特征及空间变异程度,以山西省忻州市西部7县为研究区域,采用地累积指数、潜在生态风险指数、健康风险模型和地理探测器等对该区域不同土地利用类型中的Hg含量进行污染及健康风险评价.结果表明,耕地、草地、林地和居住用地中ω（Hg）均值分别为0.48、 0.34、 0.58和0.52mg·kg^-1,耕地、草地、林地和居住用地中Hg平均值分别为背景值的16、 11.33、 19.33和17.33倍,变异系数大小为：居住用地>耕地>草地>林地.地累积指数与潜在生态风险指数评价结果表明,研究区整体受Hg污染生态风险程度较为严重,局部区域存在极强污染.健康风险评价结果表明研究区Hg对儿童和成人均不存在非致癌健康风险.因子探测结果表明耕地Hg的空间变异性主要受工农业生产影响,草地Hg主要受土壤有机质和pH值影响,林地Hg主要受土壤盐分的影响,居住用地Hg主要受土壤盐分和有机质的影响.Hg含量空间分布格局总体上表现为中部向南北两侧递增趋势,污染严重区域主要受煤炭开采及工业生产等人类扰动因素影响.     

Influences of human waste–based ectopic fermentation bed fillers on the soil properties and growth of Chinese pakchoi

The reuse of human wastes as biofertilizer resources offers a new option for meeting the growing demand for food and addressing poor soil productivity. Feces and black water are ubiquitous human wastes that usually require proper treatment, such as composting and anaerobic digestion, to remove potentially harmful substances before they can be applied as fertilizers. As an effective treatment technology for livestock farming wastes, the ectopic fermentation bed system (EFS) provides a new means of treating human waste and producing organic fertilizer from decomposed filler. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the nutrient content and fertilizer potential of decomposed fillers obtained after EFS treatment of human feces and black water under different application conditions. The results showed that the application of fillers increased the yield of pakchoi by 3.60?29.32% and nutrient uptake by 8.09?83.45% compared to the CK, which could effectively promote the growth of pakchoi. This approach also improved the quality of pakchoi and enhanced soil fertility, and differences were observed in the effects of different kinds and application amounts of fillers. Soil EC was the soil property that had the greatest effect on the growth characteristics of pakchoi in this study. These findings help to better clarify the agronomic value of human wastes, but the effects of long-term filler application need to be further explored.

     

Effect of silicones and polymers on the wetting and foaming properties of anionic and nonionic hydrocarbon surfactants

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - To better understand the effects of nonionic silicones and polymers on the wetting and foaming properties of anionic and nonionic hydrocarbon...     

Biogeochemical zonation of sulfur during the discharge of groundwater to lake in desert plateau (Dakebo Lake,NW China)

As one of the important elements of controlling the redox system within the hyporheic and hypolentic zone, sulfur is involved in a series of complex biogeochemical processes such as carbon cycle, water acidification, formation of iron and manganese minerals, redox processes of trace metal elements and a series of important ecological processes. Previous studies on biogeochemistry of the hyporheic and hypolentic zones mostly concentrated on nutrients of nitrogen and phosphorus, heavy metals and other pollutants. Systematic study of biogeochemical behavior of sulfur and its main controlling factors within the lake hypolentic zone is very urgent and important. In this paper, a typical desert plateau lake, Dakebo Lake in northwestern China, was taken for example within which redox zonation and biogeochemical characteristics of sulfur affected by hydrodynamic conditions were studied based on not only traditional hydrochemical analysis, but also environmental isotope evidence. In the lake hypolentic zone of the study area, due to the different hydrodynamic conditions, vertical profile of sulfur species and environmental parameters differ at the two sites of the lake (western side and center). Reduction of sulfate, deposition and oxidation of sulfide, dissolution and precipitation of sulfur-bearing minerals occurred are responded well to Eh, dissolved oxygen, pH, organic carbon and microorganism according to which the lake hypolentic zone can be divided into reduced zone containing H₂S, reduced zone containing no H₂S, transition zone and oxidized zone. The results of this study provide valuable insights for understanding sulfur conversion processes and sulfur biogeochemical zonation within a lake hypolentic zone in an extreme plateau arid environment and for protecting the lake–wetland ecosystem in arid and semiarid regions.     

油田修井起下杆管清洁生产技术现状及分析

文章从现有杆管清洁设备的基本结构、工作原理、应用效果入手,分析了井下、井口、井场、车间4个环节15种杆管清洁生产技术的优缺点和适应性,同时引入技术成熟完备性指标,对每种杆管清洁生产技术作了定量评价,认为在施工中应综合考虑地层、井史、油田所处环境敏感性等影响因素,将其集成或组合使用,形成适合于不同类型油井的杆管清洁模式。建议继续加强井下泄油、油管内壁清洗、内防喷、井口防喷防溅等关键设备研发与完善,提高清洁生产技术的适应性、可靠性,以降低劳动强度,提高工作效率。     

Collaborative control of fine particles and ozone required in China for health benefit

● Increased DAAO offsets 3/4 of the decrease of DAAP in 2013–2020. ● DAAO increases are mainly due to O₃ concentration increase and population aging. ● Health benefit from PM_2.5 reduction after 2017 is larger than that before 2017. ● Reducing PM_2.5 concentration by 1% results in 0.6% reduction of DAAP. ● Reducing O₃ concentration by 1% results in 2% reduction of DAAO. PM_2.5 concentration declined significantly nationwide, while O₃ concentration increased in most regions in China in 2013–2020. Recent evidences proved that peak season O₃ is related to increased death risk from non-accidental and respiratory diseases. Based on these new evidences, we estimate excess deaths associated with long-term exposure to ambient PM_2.5 and O₃ in China following the counterfactual analytic framework from Global Burden Disease. Excess deaths from non-accidental diseases associated with long-term exposure to ambient O₃ in China reaches to 579 (95% confidential interval (CI): 93, 990) thousand in 2020, which has been significantly underestimated in previous studies. In addition, the increased excess deaths associated with long-term O₃ exposure (234 (95% CI: 177, 282) thousand) in 2013–2020 offset three quarters of the avoided excess deaths (302 (95% CI: 244, 366) thousand) mainly due to PM_2.5 exposure reduction. In key regions (the North China Plain, the Yangtze River Delta and the Fen-Wei Plain), the former is even larger than the latter, particularly in 2017–2020. Health benefit of PM_2.5 concentration reduction offsets the adverse effects of population growth and aging on excess deaths attributed to PM_2.5 exposure. Increase of excess deaths associated with O₃ exposure is mainly due to the strong increase of O₃ concentration, followed by population aging. Considering the faster population aging process in the future, collaborative control, and faster reduction of PM_2.5 and O₃ are needed to reduce the associated excess deaths.