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61.
62.
In aquatic ecosystems, the ecology of macrophytal detritus aggregations has been investigated over a range of temporal scales. Yet, no attempts have been made to minimize the temporal resolution of the analysis, thus neglecting the occurrence of short-term colonization and decay dynamics for these ephemeral patches of high biological activity. The present study was carried out at two sampling sites in Lake Alimini Grande, a brackish lagoon in South-East Italy. The abundance of macroinvertebrate taxa colonizing prepared packs of reed leaf detritus and the ash-free dry mass of the packs were monitored daily for 40 days. Spectral analysis was used to investigate the fine-scale temporal dynamics of invertebrates colonization and leaf pack mass variations. The macrobenthos found on leaf packs was dominated at both sites by few taxa (i.e., the vagile Lekanesphaera monodi, Microdeutopus gryllotalpa, Neanthes caudata and the sessile Balanus sp.), whose general colonization patterns were described by unimodal curves. At a daily temporal resolution Balanus sp. was characterized by random short-term density variations, while vagile taxa showed non-random, highly site- and species-specific fluctuations generally characterized by an oscillation period comprised between 2 and 3 days. In addition, leaf packs were characterized by non-random, short-term mass oscillations, coherent and in phase with L. monodi abundance fluctuations. Our results highlight the occurrence of short-term, non-random density variations of invertebrate colonizers on leaf detritus patches. In addition, they emphasize a previously unexplored, fine-scale linkage between abundance patterns of invertebrate consumers and short-term mass variations of decaying detritus. 相似文献
63.
Giorgio Bertanza Matteo Canato Giuseppe Laera Mentore Vaccari Magdalena Svanström Sara Heimersson 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(21):17383-17393
A holistic assessment procedure has been used in this study for comparing conventional activated sludge (CAS) and membrane bioreactor (MBR) processes for the treatment of municipal wastewater. Technical, social, administrative, economic and environmental impacts have been evaluated based on 1 year of operational data from three full-scale lines (one MBR and two CAS) working in parallel in a large municipal treatment plant. The comparative assessment evidences a slight advantage of the conventional process in the studied case, essentially due to lower costs, complexity and energy consumption. On the other hand, the MBR technology has a better social acceptance and similar overall environmental footprint. Although these results are influenced by site-specific parameters and cannot be generalized, the assessment procedure allowed identifying the most important factors affecting the final scores for each technology and the main differences between the compared technologies. Local conditions can affect the relative importance of the assessed impacts, and the use of weighting factors is proposed for better tailoring the comparative assessment to the local needs and circumstances. A sensitivity analysis on the weighted final scores demonstrated how local factors are very important and must be carefully evaluated in the decision making process. 相似文献
64.
Alessandra Pugnetti Francesco Acri Luisa Alberighi Donato Barletta Mauro Bastianini Fabrizio Bernardi-Aubry Andrea Berton Franco Bianchi Giorgio Socal Cecilia Totti 《Chemistry and Ecology》2004,20(6):399-409
Taxonomic composition, biomass, primary production and growth rates of the phytoplankton community were studied in two stations in the NW Adriatic Sea on a seasonal basis, in areas characterized by differing hydrological and trophic conditions. The main differences between the two stations were quantitative rather than qualitative, most phytoplankton species being common to both stations. The effects of differing nutrient concentrations and plume spreading were evident. Biomass and primary production rates were significantly higher in the coastal station (S1), and the phytoplankton distribution in the water column was markedly stratified in S1 and more even in the offshore station (S3). However, chlorophyll a specific production, potential growth rate and production efficiencies were very similar in both stations, even when phosphorus concentrations were limiting. A discrepancy between potential and actual growth rate was observed: as a feature common to both stations, comparisons between potential and actual growth rates revealed that little carbon produced by phytoplankton accumulated as algal biomass; therefore, very high loss rates were estimated. 相似文献
65.
Annelore Bezzi Simone Pillon Davide Martinucci Giorgio Fontolan 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2018,22(3):503-518
Management of coastal dunes on developed coasts could effectively take advantage of comprehensive and multitemporal georeferenced data collection, which offers the possibility to relate dune data with the natural and cultural characteristics of the beach and hinterland. The recent implementation of a coastal management geodatabase for the Veneto region provides the opportunity for improving knowledge on coastal dunes on developed littoral as well as a basis for appropriate future coastal planning in the study area. The geodatabase gathers data concerning different physical, evolutionary and human aspects of the coastal zone, with a special focus on coastal dunes. Established foredunes, human-altered dunes and relict dunes are irregularly distributed along 59 km, 38% of the entire coastal length. Their distribution and characteristics are the result of favourable natural conditions as well as long-lasting tourism exploitation (evaluated through an index of Land Use Pressure) and fragmentary and diversified uses of beaches (evaluated through an index of Tourism Pressure on the beach). At the same time, beach/dune nourishment intervention allowed the presence of artificial or sand fenced dunes along 17 km of coast. High dune elevation up to 8–10 m is promoted by the onshore exposition of the beach to dominant wind (from ENE), by stable-to-slowly negative sedimentary budget or by the re-activation of high relict foredunes in the case of shoreline retreat associated with strong negative budget. Present sedimentary budget (evaluated through the code ASPE – Accretion, Stable, Precarious, Erosive) is the tool used for dividing coasts in sedimentary compartments or cells. Past and present sedimentary budget and different human responses to erosive cases (hard and soft interventions) give the foredunes different means to form, grow, survive and evolve over time. The assessment of Human Impact and Active Management Practices on the dunes allows a first evaluation of the Management Effectiveness, which shows strong shortcomings for 81% of the dunes. The great variability of beach usage, human impact and management practises on the different dune stretches highlight the lack of effective and systematic management actions being correctly scheduled and performed. 相似文献
66.
67.
Waste combustion processes are responsible of particles and gaseous emissions. Referring to the particle emission, in the last years specific attention was paid to ultrafine particles (UFPs, diameter less than 0.1 μm), mainly emitted by combustion processes. In fact, recent findings of toxicological and epidemiological studies indicate that fine and ultrafine particles could represent a risk for health and environment. Therefore, it is necessary to quantify particle emissions from incinerators also to perform an exposure assessment for the human populations living in their surrounding areas.To these purposes, in the present work an experimental campaign aimed to monitor UFPs was carried out at the incineration plant in San Vittore del Lazio (Italy). Particle size distributions and total concentrations were measured both at the stack and before the fabric filter inlet in order to evaluate the removal efficiency of the filter in terms of UFPs. A chemical characterization of UFPs in terms of heavy metal concentration was performed through a nuclear method, i.e. Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA), as well as a mineralogical investigation was carried out through a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) equipped with an Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) in order to evaluate shape, crystalline state and mineral compound of sampled particles.Maximum values of 2.7 × 107 part. cm−3 and 2.0 × 103 part. cm−3 were found, respectively, for number concentration before and after the fabric filter showing a very high efficiency in particle removing by the fabric filter. With regard to heavy metal concentrations, the elements with higher boiling temperature present higher concentrations at lower diameters showing a not complete evaporation in the combustion section and the consequent condensation of semi-volatile compounds on solid nuclei. In terms of mineralogical and morphological analysis, the most abundant compounds found in samples collected before the fabric filter are Na–K–Pb oxides followed by phyllosilicates, otherwise, different oxides of comparable abundance were detected in the samples collected at the stack. 相似文献
68.
Patrícia Trevisan Juliane Nascimento da Silva Alessandra Pawelec da Silva Rafael Fabiano Machado Rosa Giorgio Adriano Paskulin Flávia Valladão Thiesen Ceres Andréia Vieira de Oliveira Paulo Ricardo Gazzola Zen 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(4):2195-2204
The search for reliable biomarkers of human exposure to benzene and its derivatives is still subject of research. Many of the proposed biomarkers have limitations ranging from the low sensitivity to the wide variability of results. Thus, the aim of our study was to assess the frequencies of chromosomal abnormalities (CA) and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in workers of gas stations, with (cases, n?=?19) and without (local controls, n?=?6) risk of exposure to benzene and its derivatives, comparing them with the results from the general population (external controls, n?=?38). The blood dosages of benzene, toluene, and xylenes were measured in all participants. Blood solvent levels were compared with the findings obtained in cytogenetic evaluation and a research protocol which included data of the workplace, lifestyle, and health of the individuals. We did not detect the presence of benzene and its derivatives and did not find chromosomal damage that may be associated with the gas station activity in cases. Moreover, although we found an association of increased SCE and the working time in the local controls, the values found for SCE are within normal limits. Thus, our evaluation of SCE and CA reflected the levels of benzene and its derivatives observed in the blood. We believe, therefore, that SCE and CA may actually constitute possible tests for the evaluation of these exposures. However, we believe that further studies, including individuals at risk, are important to confirm this assertion. 相似文献
69.
Francesca Gringeri Pantano Pier Giorgio Nicoletti MARIO PARISE 《Environmental management》2002,29(1):116-131
Old, large, and dormant landslides were unexpectedly found in southeastern Sicily, a territory of known seismicity but commonly
considered as landslide-free or almost so. Purposely undertaken investigations revealed that: (1) these landslides are scarcely
compatible with the local geoclimatic environment; (2) they usually show low-angle basal shear surfaces, despite the fact
that the properties of the forming material are generally good; (3) they fulfill the known relationships between earthquake
magnitude and epicenter–landslide distance; (4) sources coeval with high-energy historical earthquakes occurred in 1169, 1542
and 1693 testify to the occurrence of earthquake-triggered landsliding; and (5) documentary material (presented here for the
first time) correlates with certainty a specific landslide to the 1693 earthquake. This geological and historical evidence,
accompanied by the absence of contrasting elements, leads us to conclude that these landslides are earthquake-triggered.
Because of their typological and geometrical characteristics, nearly all landslides can be reactivated, which has serious
implications in terms of hazard, particularly with respect to lines of communication. Obviously, every action aimed at preventing
or mitigating risks must start from the awareness of the causative processes, a condition substantially unsatisfied at the
moment in SE Sicily. The paper concludes by emphasizing the opportunity not to trust excessively beliefs that, although shared,
have never been really checked. 相似文献
70.
Aalto P Hämeri K Paatero P Kulmala M Bellander T Berglind N Bouso L Castaño-Vinyals G Sunyer J Cattani G Marconi A Cyrys J von Klot S Peters A Zetzsche K Lanki T Pekkanen J Nyberg F Sjövall B Forastiere F 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2005,55(8):1064-1076
In this study, long-term aerosol particle total number concentration measurements in five metropolitan areas across Europe are presented. The measurements have been carried out in Augsburg, Barcelona, Helsinki, Rome, and Stockholm using the same instrument, a condensation particle counter (TSI model 3022). The results show that in all of the studied cities, the winter concentrations are higher than the summer concentrations. In Helsinki and in Stockholm, winter concentrations are higher by a factor of two and in Augsburg almost by a factor of three compared with summer months. The winter maximum of the monthly average concentrations in these cities is between 10,000 cm(-3) and 20,000 cm(-3), whereas the summer min is approximately 5000-6000 cm(-3). In Rome and in Barcelona, the winters are more polluted compared with summers by as much as a factor of 4-10. The winter maximum in both Rome and Barcelona is close to 100,000 cm(-3), whereas the summer minimum is > 10,000 cm(-3). During the weekdays the maximum of the hourly average concentrations in all of the cities is detected during the morning hours between 7 and 10 a.m. The evening maxima were present in Barcelona, Rome, and Augsburg, but these were not as pronounced as the morning ones. The daily maxima in Helsinki and Stockholm are close or even lower than the daily minima in the more polluted cities. The concentrations between these two groups of cities are different with a factor of about five during the whole day. The study pointed out the influence of the selection of the measurement site and the configuration of the sampling line on the observed concentrations. 相似文献