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141.
142.
Rosaria Falsaperla Giuseppe Spagnoli Paolo Rossi 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2006,12(2):195-200
Basic principles of reducing exposure to electromagnetic fields are reviewed in this article. Measures to reduce exposure can be divided into organisational/administrative and technical/engineering actions. Both strategies are briefly analysed and the basic principles of the theory of shielding are presented. A definition of shielding effectiveness (SE) is given, and the results from the general Transmission Lines Theory are presented. Practical situations of shielding static and time-varying electric and magnetic fields are discussed on the basis of the physical properties of the fields and of the shield. 相似文献
143.
Antonio Miralto Adrianna Ianora Isabella Buttino Giovanna Romano Mario Di Pinto 《Chemistry and Ecology》2002,18(1):117-125
Egg production, fecal pellet production and hatching success are reported for Acartia clausi females sampled during three cruises in February 1997, 1998 and June 1997 at 20-24 stations along 4 transects in the North Adriatic Sea. Dramatically low hatching rates were recorded during both diatom bloom events in February as opposed to much higher rates during post-bloom conditions in June, even though A. clausi productivity during the bloom was apparently high. These results are discussed in the light of recent findings on the negative impact of diatoms on copepod reproductive potential. 相似文献
144.
“Measuring Sustainability”: A Multi-Criterion Framework 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
So far, the elementary question of whether one country’s or region’s economy is moving towards sustainability or away from it cannot be answered with unanimous consensus on the ‘measuring rod(s)’ to be employed. The main assumption of this article is that sustainability assessment needs a set of multi-dimensional indicators. From this assumption a question arises: how could such indicators be aggregated? Often, some indicators improve while others deteriorate. For instance, when incomes grow, SO2 might go down while CO2 increases. It has to be noted that this is the classical conflictual situation studied in multi-criteria decision theory. The use of a multi-criterion framework for making operational the ‘measuring of sustainability’ is discussed here by means of illustrative examples and more formal arguments. 相似文献
145.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the bio-accumulation of Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) in Pittosporum tobira (Thunb.) Aiton leaves sampled in different zones of Messina, in order to assess the level of atmospheric metal deposition in correlation with the traffic volume. Derivative stripping chronopotentiometry was used as a practical, precise and sensitive technique to determine simultaneously Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn levels in Pittosporum leaves. In the optimised electro-chemical conditions, detection limits lower than 0.05 microg kg(-1) were achieved, whereas the accuracy, expressed as obtained recoveries from certified materials, was in the range 93.5-102.7%. The obtained data provided evidence that Cd and Pb levels significantly decreased from high to low traffic density zones (p < 0.005, ANOVA), whereas Cu and Zn are accumulated by plants particularly from the soil and their contents is not related to the traffic volume. 相似文献
146.
Canopy profiles of photosynthetic parameters under elevated CO2 and N fertilization in a poplar plantation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Calfapietra C Tulva I Eensalu E Perez M De Angelis P Scarascia-Mugnozza G Kull O 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2005,137(3):525-535
A poplar plantation has been exposed to an elevated CO2 concentration for 5 years using the free air CO2 enrichment (FACE) technique. Even after such a long period of exposure, leaves of Populus x euramericana have not shown clear signs of photosynthetic acclimation. Only at the end of the growing season for shade leaves was a decrease of maximum velocity of carboxylation (Vcmax) observed. Maximum electron transport rate (Jmax) was increased by FACE treatment in July. Assimilation rates at CO2 partial pressure of 400 (A400) and 600 (A600) micromol mol(-1) were not significantly different under FACE treatment. Most notably FACE significantly decreased stomatal conductance (g(s)) both on upper and lower canopy leaves. N fertilization increased N content in the leaves on mass basis (Nm) and specific leaf area (SLA) in both CO2 treatments but did not influence the photosynthetic parameters. These data show that in poplar plantations the long-term effects of elevated CO2 on photosynthesis do not differ considerably from the short-term ones even with N deposition. 相似文献
147.
Lab-scale experiments of in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO), were performed on soil contaminated with 100 mg kg(-1) of atrazine (CIET). The oxidant used was hydrogen peroxide catalysed by naturally occurring minerals or by soluble Fe(II) sulphate, added in aqueous solution. The oxidation conditions were: CIET:H2O2=1:1100, 2 PV or 3 PV reaction volume, Fe(II):H2O2=0, 1:22, 1:11. Stabilized (with KH2PO4 at a concentration of 16 g l(-1)) or non-stabilized hydrogen peroxide was used. The pH of the reagents was adjusted to pH=1 with sulphuric acid, or was not altered. Results showed that the addition of soluble Fe(II) increased the temperature of the soil slurry and the use of stabilized hydrogen peroxide resulted in a lower heat generation. The treatment reduced the COD of the soil of about 40%, pH was lowered and natural organic matter became less hydrophobic. The highest atrazine conversion (89%) was obtained in the conditions: 3 PV, Fe(II):H2O2=1:11 with stabilized hydrogen peroxide added in two steps. The stabilizer only increased H2O2 life-time significantly when soluble Fe(II) was added. Results indicate as preferential degradation pathway of atrazine in soil dechlorination instead of dealkylation. 相似文献
148.
Di Bella G Licata P Bruzzese A Naccari C Trombetta D Lo Turco V Dugo G Richetti A Naccari F 《Environment international》2006,32(6):705-710
The aim of this study is to assess the accumulation of OCs and PCBs in Thunnus thynnus and to elucidate the suitability of this species as a bioindicator for monitoring contaminations of these compounds in the marine ecosystems of the Straits of Messina. This investigation was conducted on fat, liver and muscle samples of 14 T. thynnus collected during April 2004. Quantitative determination of OCs and PCBs in the various samples examined has been carried out using GC-ECD and GC-MS. The results obtained show the presence of low concentrations of p,p'-DDE and PCB congeners (138, 153 and 180) in all fat, liver and muscle samples caught in the Straits of Messina. Concentrations of p,p'-DDE and PCB congeners (138, 153 and 180) in all the samples examined were below MRLs (CE n. 97/41, 1999/65 and 1999/71). 相似文献
149.
利用大涡模拟软件FDS对某居民楼火灾发生发展和烟气传播过程进行数值模拟,探讨烟气质量浓度在侧间-走廊建筑的分布情况。在不同房间的目标位置设置探测点,分析烟气质量浓度、CO体积分数分布。结果表明,距离火源位置最远的房间烟气质量浓度、CO体积分数最高且在短时间内达到致死浓度;烟气更容易在最远的房间聚集,在特定的时间段内,始终比其他房间的危险性要高。对于此类居民楼建筑火灾中的人员安全而言,最远端房间的危险性最高,火灾时要着重注意此区域的疏散。此外,在走廊顶棚上间隔适当的距离设置了挡烟垂壁,并且模拟了该工况下烟气质量浓度分布。结果表明,加入挡烟垂壁后走廊的烟气蔓延相对均匀,各个房间烟气质量浓度更为接近,最大烟气质量浓度也有明显降低,从而延缓了整个建筑达到危险状态的时间。 相似文献
150.