Relationships between distributions of longevous population and trace elements in the agricultural ecosystem of Rugao County,Jiangsu, China

Soil, plant, and water, as well as trace elements they contain, can influence human health through the food chain. A survey was conducted on distributions of trace elements in soils, plants, and drinking water in Rugao County, Jiangsu Province, China, an agricultural area with a high level of centenarians and nonagenarians. The ratio of people over 90 years old per 100,000 inhabitants (90-rate) based on village (about 4,000 residents in 4 km²) was correlated with trace elements in soil, drinking water, and rice by means of correlation analysis and/or principal component analysis. Although the average 90-rate in the whole area was as high as 277, the rates were not uniform across the entire region. The 90-rate in the area of loamy and strongly-developed Anthrosols and Cambosols was about 330, significantly higher than the 255 in the areas of sandy and strongly-developed Cambosols and of clayey and weakly-developed Cambosols. The concentrations of available Se, B, Ni, and Mo in soils of the area with the high 90-rate were markedly greater than those in the area with the low 90-rate. This was demonstrated by highly positive correlations between the 90-rate and available Se (r = 0.33), B (r = 0.21), Ni (r = 0.17) and Mo (r = 0.17) at the p < 0.01 level and high loadings of available Se (0.851), B (0.535), Ni (0.594) and Mo (0.394) in the longevous factor. Similar relationships between the available elements in soils and elements in water and rice were found. These results suggest that: (1) the available forms of elements in soil were more crucial to elemental bio-availability in the ecosystem and human health than total elements in soil; and (2) the element association above might have affected the 90-rate positively and could be an important environmental geochemical factor influencing the longevity of humans.     

黄磷废水中氟化物的物化处理研究

本文利用向含氟废水中加入适量石灰和聚合氯化铝PAC ,然后投加适量钙盐、磷酸和聚丙烯酰胺PAM的二级处理工艺除氟。通过控制合适的 pH、钙盐和磷酸的投加量、反应时间、反应温度、搅拌强度和絮凝剂的投加量 ,确定了最佳的除氟工艺 ,可以使氟的浓度降至 5mg/L ,达到国家一级排放标准GB8978 1996。     

高效垂直流人工湿地+多级生态塘深度处理污水厂尾水

采用高效垂直流人工湿地+多级生态塘组合工艺对污水厂尾水进行深度处理。研究发现,组合工艺进水流量为900 m3·d-1时为最优工况;在最优运行工况下组合工艺对污水处理厂尾水有显著的净化效果,对COD、NH3-N、TN和TP的去除效果可高达59.22%、81.06%、93.11%和55.81%,出水达到《地表水环境质量标准》（GB 3838-2002）Ⅳ类标准;生态塘能强化NH3-N和TN去除效果,可进一步除磷,降低富营养化风险;运行一年至少减少COD排放量9.85 t·a-1,NH3-N排放量1.73 t·a-1,TN排放量4.96 t·a-1,TP排放量0.16 t·a-1,具有良好的环境效益和经济效益。     

Environmental effects on perishable product quality and trading under OBOR supply chain different route scenarios

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The world becomes advance rapidly, and the demand of perishable food increases in the global market. Food firms perceive the cheapest supply chain...     

生物催化氧化法脱除H2S的填料选择研究

针对H2S污染的严峻形势,构建了包括催化再生装置和生物滴滤器的生物催化氧化装置,进行了装置的填料选择研究.经对比试验得出填料脱硫性能的优劣顺序为:沸石＞焦炭＞多面空心塑料小球.在温度为30 ℃、进气量为0.25 m3/h、进气H2S为2 000 mg/m3、喷淋量为1 000 mL/h、喷淋液的pH为1.97、Fe3 为0.05 mol/L的条件下,装填沸石的生物催化氧化装置的出气H2S浓度足以达到<恶臭污染物排放标准>(GB 14554-93)规定的一级厂界标准值.试验证明,生物催化氧化法是有效的新型脱除H2S技术,具有良好的经济、社会及环境效益,应进一步开展中试研究.     

由硫酸亚铁(绿矾)制取还原铁粉的工艺研究

提出了一种新的绿矾综合利用的途径,即绿矾经碳酸盐转化,然后采用无烟煤作还原剂,CaCO3为添加剂,进行高温还原焙烧制取还原铁粉.先将绿矾用水溶解,用理论量1.2倍的(NH4)2CO3将FeSO4转化为FeCO3,FeCO3焙烧的最佳条件是FeCO3∶无烟煤∶CaCO3为100∶60∶8,焙烧温度为1000℃,焙烧时间为4.5 h.粗还原铁粉化学成分除C含量较高外,符合国家有关标准,900℃左右经氢气精还原1 h所得精还原铁粉化学成分的各项指标,均达到或优于国家有关标准的要求.     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and heavy metals (HMs) as well as their genotoxicity in soil after long-term wastewater irrigation

A study was carried out on the residue level of major concern pollutants (PAHs, PCBs and HMs) and the assessment of their genotoxicity in soils obtained from Shenyang, northeast of China which had been subjected to wastewater irrigation for more than 40 years. Topsoils (0-20cm) in paddy fields were sampled along the upper, middle and lower reaches of the wastewater disposal channel. Sixteen USEPA PAHs were determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detector, eight PCBs were detected by Gas Chromatography (GC) with electron capture detector, and six heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, and Cr) were measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The genotoxicity effect of soils was examined by Vicia faba micronucleus (MN) test. Archived soils that had undergone a similar history of wastewater irrigation provided by Technical University of Berlin, Germany were subjected to analysis of the above pollutants and Vicia faba/MN test for comparison. Results indicated elevated residues of the studied pollutants (PAHs, especially benzo (a) pyrene, the eight PCB congeners and heavy metals) in both tested and archived soils. The MN frequencies were 2.2-48.4 times higher compared with the control. However, there was no correlation between the MN frequencies and the concentration of pollutants detected. This investigation suggested a potential ecological risk even with a lower level of residual pollutants in soil matrix after long-term wastewater irrigation.     

固定化微生物技术在环境工程中的应用研究进展

综述了固定化微生物的制作方法及载体的选择,并对固定化技术在废水、大气和土壤等环境工程中的应用和研究进展状况进行了简介,同时对固定化技术的应用前景及存在的问题进行了评述。     

湘中某工业区农田重金属污染的初步研究

通过2年的定点调查,研究了湘中某工业区附近农田土壤、糙米中重金属含量状况;并对重金属在水稻植株中的含量分布,以及影响糙米中重金属含量的土壤因素进行了探讨。     

海底油气管道的泄漏及预防

介绍了海底油气管道铺设特点,分析了海底管道破裂的原因主要是第三方损害,其次还有物理损伤、机械损伤、管线材质缺损、材料疲劳、管线内外表面腐蚀、不可抗力和外界条件变化等。提出了海底管道泄漏的有效预防措施,主要包括预防第三方损害和管线腐蚀、提高泄漏检测和监测能力、制定应急响应计划、鼓励公众参与、迅速实施应急响应计划五部分。