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531.
Paul E. Flathman Bryon J. Krupp Paul Zottola Jason R. Trausch John H. Carson Ruji Yao Gregory J. Laird Patrick M. Woodhull Douglas E. Jerger Paul R. Lear 《补救:环境净化治理成本、技术与工艺杂志》1996,6(2):57-79
In-situ biological solid-phase (or land) treatment was cost-effectively used to remediate 1,500 cubic yards (1,100 m3) of contaminated soil within three months of field operation following spillage of an estimated 12,000 gallons (45,000 L) of vinyl acetate from a railroad tank car onto surface soil. The vinyl acetate rapidly hydrolyzed to acetate and acetaldehyde with concentrations ranging up to 22,000 and 3,000 mg/kg, respectively. Ethanol, a metabolic intermediate, was found to accumulate in soil to concentrations as high as 280 mg/kg. The estimate for excavation, transportation, and disposal of the contaminated soil as a special waste, and for backfilling of the excavated area, was $850,000. The cost for biological remediation of the contaminated soil was $400,000, which was less than half the cost of excavation. In-situ biological treatments have been used to readily remove contaminants, such as acrylonitrile, styrene, butylcellosolve, ethylacrylate, and n-butylacrylate, at other sites involving railroad incidents. 相似文献
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Zoran S. Petrović Yijin Xu Jelena Milić Gregory Glenn Artur Klamczynski 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2010,18(2):94-97
Thermoplastic urethanes based on polyricinoleic acid soft segments and MDI/BD hard segments with varied soft segment concentration
were prepared. Soft segment concentration was varied from, 40 to 70 wt%. Biodegradation was studied by respirometry. Segmented
polyurethanes with soft segments based on polyricinoleic acid degrade relatively slow losing about 11% carbon after 30 days,
but faster than corresponding petrochemical polyesterurethanes. Since biodegradation proceeds mainly through the soft segments,
higher soft segment content polymers displayed slightly higher biodegradation. Polyurethanes with dispersed hard domains in
the soft phase displayed slightly faster biodegradation than those with co-continuous morphology. Polyester diol degrades
slower than castor oil but significantly faster than the polyurethanes with built in soft segments from the same diol. Castor
oil biodegrades slower than soybean oil. 相似文献
534.
Gregory J. Robertson 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1998,43(4-5):289-296
Hypotheses regarding the evolution and maintenance of intraspecific nest parasitism were tested with data collected during
a 3-year study of common eiders (Somateria mollissima) breeding near Churchill, Manitoba. The nest parasitism rate was highest (42.4% of nests) during the year with the highest
nest density and the best environmental conditions, and lowest (20.2% of nests) in the year with the lowest nest density and
the poorest environmental conditions. Over the nesting season, parasitic eggs were laid at the same time as normally laid
eggs. Most parasitic eggs (>75%) were laid before the host female laid her third egg. The majority of the parasitic eggs were
the first or second egg produced by the parasitic female. When a parasitic egg was laid before or on the same day as the host
female initiated her clutch, the probability of her first egg being depredated before incubation was significantly lowered.
First- and second-laid eggs suffered a high rate of predation probably because nesting females do not attend their clutch
until their second or third egg is laid. Hypotheses that some females use intraspecific nest parasitism to parasitize the
parental care of other females were inconsistent with these data. Egg adoption is a likely explanation for the prevalence
of females incubating parasitic eggs in this population.
Received: 30 September 1997 / Accepted after revision: 6 May 1998 相似文献
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Gregory A. Norris 《环境质量管理》2001,10(3):59-64
Current life‐cycle assessment (LCA) methodologies rarely include economic analysis—even though this element is almost always crucial to any company's decision making. This article discusses practical tools for integrating economic considerations into LCA. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
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The difference in performance of three differently designed circular secondary clarifiers in the same wastewater treatment plant was analyzed in this paper. Data obtained using flocculated suspended solids and disperse suspended solids tests were analyzed using statistical tools. The conventional clarifier showed more variability in the average effluent suspended solids concentration when compared with the flocculator-clarifiers. Furthermore, a difference in performance among the two different flocculator-clarifiers was found. 相似文献
540.
Insects mediate the effects of propagule supply and resource availability on a plant invasion 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sanders NJ Weltzin JF Crutsinger GM Fitzpatrick MC Nuñez MA Oswalt CM Lane KE 《Ecology》2007,88(9):2383-2391
Invasive species are a global threat to biodiversity and the functioning of natural ecosystems. Here, we report on a two-year experiment aimed at elucidating the combined and relative effects of three key controls on plant invasions: propagule supply, soil nitrogen (N) availability, and herbivory by native insects. We focus on the exotic species Lespedeza cuneata, a Rank 1 invasive species. Propagule supply and soil N-availability interacted to control the density and foliar cover of L. cuneata. In low N plots, density and foliar cover of L. cuneata were higher in the propagule addition plots than in the plots to which propagules were not added. Surprisingly, this interaction was significant only when the abundance of herbivores was experimentally reduced. This experiment provides evidence that native insect herbivores mediate the interactive effects of propagule supply and resources on invasion by a widespread invasive plant species. 相似文献