Spatial distribution of phosphorus forms in sediments with different distances to the estuary of the Dianchi Lake, China

Effects of human activity on the distribution of phosphorus (P) forms were investigated for the sediments and porewaters in Daqinghe Estuary of Dianchi Lake, China. The concentrations of total P (TP), inorganic-P (I-P),and organic-P (Org-P), and the ratio of iron-bound P (Fe-P)/calcium-bound P (Ca-P) in the sediments decreased with the increasing distance from the sampling site to the estuary. This is probably due to the flocculant materials, e.g., ferric and aluminous salts, usually being added in the wastewater treatment processes. The concentration of ammonia in the sediment porewaters significantly decreased with the increasing distance from the sampling site to the estuary. Both concentrations of total nitrogen and nitrogen in the sediment porewaters decreased to some content with the increasing distance from the sampling site to the estuary. However, the concentrations of nitrate, dissolved total P (DTP), and TP did not have strong relationship with the distances from the sampling sites to the estuary. Pollution load and water quantity also had an important influence on the concentrations of P in sediments and its interstitial water in estuary sedimentary area.     

关于危险源与隐患的新见解

为统一危险源和隐患的分歧,本文首先分析2个术语概念混乱的原因,然后根据2个术语的本质特征,给出它们的新定义、新分类和新分级,最后基于新的分类分级体系,给出新的隐患管理模式.研究表明:2个术语服从内外因作用原理,即危险源是内因,隐患是外因.危险源按源头可划分为3类,按载体形式可划分为4类;隐患按安全防护功能可划分为7类,根据产生阶段,可将这7类隐患再归为3类,若按内容和表现形式可将隐患划分为3类.根据隐患影响安全防护功能的程度将隐患分为1、2、3级.隐患管理新模式可简化现行隐患管理体制机制,有助于让政府、企业/单位等落实各自的安全生产主体责任.     

羧基功能化螯合纤维对In(Ⅲ)的吸附行为及机理研究

以聚丙烯腈纤维为基质,通过化学接枝的方式将羧基引入纤维表面,制备得到含有羧基的螯合纤维,并应用于水溶液中In(Ⅲ)吸附分离.采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电镜、X射线光电子能谱和热重分析技术对样品进行表征.间歇吸附试验表明,所制备螯合纤维对In(Ⅲ)的最大吸附容量为37.5 mg/g,整个吸附过程在120 min以内达到基本平衡,吸附过程复合准二级动力学模型.竞争性吸附试验表明,在含有In(Ⅲ)、Fe(Ⅲ)、Zn(Ⅱ)和Hg(Ⅱ)的混合溶液中,吸附材料对In(Ⅲ)显示出一定的亲和能力.研究依靠路易斯酸碱理论在纤维表面构建了能用于In(Ⅲ)捕捉的吸附位点,为In(Ⅲ)的吸附分离提供了新的思路或方法.     

Modification of CeO2-ZrO2 catalyst by potassium for NOx-assisted soot oxidation

Potassium-modified ceria-zirconia catalyst was synthesized by wetness impregnation method.The ageing treatment was performed in static air at 800°C for 20 hr to evaluate the thermal stability of the catalyst.The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction,BET surface area,oxygen storage capacity,NOx-temperature programmed desorption and soot-temperature programmed oxidation measurements.By introduction of potassium,the maximum soot oxidation rate temperature(Tm) of the ceria-zirconia based catalyst de...     

锡林郭勒盟农村牧区饮用水水质现状

根据锡林郭勒盟环境保护监测站2010年,对全盟13个旗县市区所辖农村牧区的42个饮用水供水点水质监测结果,进行单因子评价和综合评价,研究分析锡盟农村牧区饮用水水质现状及饮用水水质超标的主要原因,提出了相应的改善措施与保护对策。     

International trade,Chinese foreign direct investment and green innovation impact on consumption-based CO2 emissions: empirical estimation focusing on BRI countries

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Recently, The literature has directed concern towards the consumption-based carbon emission (CCE), which is adjusted for trade. This study aims to...     

壬基酚对多刺裸腹溞连续世代的毒性效应

为探讨典型环境激素壬基酚(nonylphenol,NP)对枝角类浮游动物多刺裸腹溞连续世代的毒性效应,在实验室条件下,暴露连续3个世代(F0、F1、F2)多刺裸腹溞于0.02~0.10 mg·L-1的NP。15 d后测定成体死亡率、首胎繁殖时间、后代数目、成体蜕皮次数以及终点体长。研究结果表明,NP对F0代多刺裸腹溞具有很高的致死率;随着世代的增加,在相同NP质量浓度暴露下,与母代成体的死亡率相比,子代多刺裸腹溞成体的死亡率增高,致死毒性放大;NP对多刺裸腹溞连续3个世代的繁殖力都有显著抑制作用(P0.05),并随着世代递增,NP对子代繁殖力的抑制增强;在NP暴露下,多刺裸腹溞F0首胎繁殖时间明显推迟,NP暴露浓度与延迟程度呈正相关,呈现出剂量-效应关系,首胎繁殖时间延迟的趋势也存在于F1、F2世代中且存在放大效应;但是连续3个世代多刺裸腹溞成体的蜕皮次数都不受NP暴露影响;F0和F1世代多刺裸腹溞终点体长降低,并呈现明显的剂量-效应关系,但与F1相比,F2低浓度处理组受试个体终点体长呈增加趋势。对结果进行分析,认为多刺裸腹溞在NP暴露后的母代DNA或DNA完整性遭到破坏导致子代在相同NP质量浓度暴露下更容易受到NP致死性的影响;NP化合物具有的苯酚结构抑制枝角类体内葡萄糖、硫酸盐与类固醇的结合,从而引起体内荷尔蒙水平异常,最终对诸如生殖等生理行为造成不利影响;多刺裸腹溞成体的蜕皮次数都不受NP暴露影响表明蜕皮激素系统未受到干扰,且NP对生长的影响显然存在蜕皮外的其他作用机制。     

Dynamic risk assessment of oil spill scenario for Three Gorges Reservoir in China based on numerical simulation

A novel method for dynamic risk assessment of oil spill accidents based on numerical simulation was presented in this paper. The dynamic risk assessment model was developed consisting of a comprehensive list of caused consequences like environmental damage, asset loss, health impact and social effect as well as emergency actions preventing these losses. Contributing events in the Mater Logic Diagram (MLD) of the dynamic risk assessment model were valued based on the simulated evolvement of oil contaminants under spill scenario on quasi-static fluid, which was obtained by coupling an oil spill model with hydrodynamic module in Jialing river of Three Gorges Reservoir in China after the impoundment of the reservoir to 175 m water level in 2010. Calculated result of dynamic risk as grade IV indicated that the assessed oil spill was not as catastrophic as we thought because of the slow transport of oil fractions on water surface and absence of dispersed oil in water body due to the quasi-static fluid, very gentle wind and effective emergency actions, as well as by the reason that rare agriculture or industrial crops exist in spill adjacent area.     

三峡库区新生消落区沉积物磷形态分析

通过分析三峡库区新生典型消落区上覆水及沉积物中磷的赋存形态,揭示消落区沉积物中磷的分布特征和释放规律. 结果表明,不同类型的新生消落区沉积物磷的分布特征与消落区类型、原有使用背景、临时性使用情况等因素有关. 消落区类型对消落区上覆水ρ(总磷)的影响较弱. 消落区沉积物w(活性磷)与淹没状态相关,由露出到淹没状态活性磷逐渐减少,沉积物中w(钙磷)和w(闭蓄态磷)相对较恒定. 受水陆交替非稳态环境因素的影响,水陆交替沉积物w(总磷)相对较低. 消落区沉积物与上覆水中磷的迁移、转化主要以活性磷的释放和沉积为主.      

Fenton氧化法处理生物性污染废水

采用Fenton氧化法对经化学混凝沉淀处理后的生物性污染废水进行深度处理,通过正交试验和单因素实验,研究H2O2投加量、溶液pH值、反应时间和H2O2/Fe2+2(摩尔比)四个主要因素对有机污染物去除效果的影响.实验结果表明H2O2投加量的影响明显高于其它三个因素,影响能力从大到小依次排序为:H2O2投加量＞溶液pH＞反应时间＞H2O2/Fe2+,反应的最佳工艺条件为:H2O2投加量为0.088mol.l-1,溶液pH值在3.5左右,反应时间为4h,H2O2/Fe2+为20:1.在此条件下,经Fenton氧化法深度处理后的出水细菌总数和三磷酸腺苷均未检出,保障出水的生物卫生安全性;同时其相对抑光率为10%,属低水平毒性.此外,其化学需氧量小于76mg·l-1,氨氮、总氮、总磷分别为1.10mg·l-1,2.92mg·l-1和0.002mg·l-1,出水满足<城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准(GB8918-2002)>一级B标准.