关于中国西北地区沙尘暴及其黄沙气溶胶高空传输路线的探讨

本文扼要叙述了在中国西北和华北地区经常出现的沙尘暴及黄沙气溶胶（黄沙浮尘）的发生源和移动路线,并对１９９３年５月５日甘肃地区发生的沙尘暴及由此而产生的黄沙天气作了说明。     

太平洋年代际振荡与华北大震活动

巨灾都是多因强化的结果.研究发现,上一个太平洋年代际冷相位期华北7级以上大震频发,且巨洪亦频发,在暖相位期以上两种巨灾几乎没有.     

Highly efficient P uptake by Fe3O4 loaded amorphous Zr-La (carbonate) oxides: Electrostatic attraction, inner-sphere complexation and oxygen vacancies acceleration effect

Bimetallic oxides composites have received an increasing attention as promising adsorbents for aqueous phosphate (P) removal in recent years. In this study, a novel magnetic composite MZLCO was prepared by hybridizing amorphous Zr-La (carbonate) oxides (ZLCO) with nano-Fe₃O₄ through a one-pot solvothermal method for efficient phosphate adsorption. Our optimum sample of MZLCO-45 exhibited a high Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity of 96.16 mg P/g and performed well even at low phosphate concentration. The phosphate adsorption kinetics by MZLCO-45 fitted well with the pseudo-second-order model, and the adsorption capacity could reach 79% of the ultimate value within the first 60 min. The phosphate adsorption process was highly pH-dependent, and MZLCO-45 performed well over a wide pH range of 2.0-8.0. Moreover, MZLCO-45 showed a strong selectivity to phosphate in the presence of competing ions (Cl⁻, NO₃⁻, SO₄²⁻, HCO₃⁻, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺) and a good reusability using the eluent of NaOH/NaCl mixture, then 64% adsorption capacity remained after ten recycles. The initial 2.0 mg P/L in municipal wastewater and surface water could be efficiently reduced to below 0.1mg P/L by 0.07 g/L MZLCO-45, and the phosphate removal efficiencies were 95.7% and 96.21%, respectively. Phosphate adsorption mechanisms by MZLCO-45 could be attributed to electrostatic attraction and the inner-sphere complexation via ligand exchange forming Zr/La-O-P, -OH and CO₃²⁻ groups on MZLCO-45 surface played important roles in the ligand exchange process. The existence of oxygen vacancies could accelerate the phosphate absorption rate of the MZLCO-45 composites.     

科技创新投入对环境全要素生产率的影响机制

使用2004~2015年的中国280个地级市的面板数据,对科技创新投入与环境全要素生产率间的非线性关系、内部影响机理和空间异质性进行分析,结果显示：科技创新投入与环境全要素生产率之间呈现倒N型关系,两个拐点的位置分别为7.722（2257.47万元）和9.610（14913.17万元）;在外部资本进入、污染治理、市场规模效应3种影响路径中,科技创新投入影响下的外部资本进入对环境全要素生产率依然存在污染避难所的负向效应,科技创新投入与外部资本间效应为0.1363,外部资本与环境全要素生产率间效应为-0.0065;科技创新投入能够增强企业的污染治理技术并提高环境全要素生产率,三者间前后效应分别为-0.0277和-0.0311;科技创新的投入与高效益增强了市场规模效应,有效促进生产结构的转型进而提高环境全要素生产率,三者间前后效应为0.0186和0.4346.空间异质性中,外部资本进入与溢出效应带来的污染避难所负效应在中部地区显著,在西部和东北部地区不显著,而污染天堂正效应在东部地区存在但不显著;污染创新治理投入的技术正溢出效应在东部和西部地区效应显著,在中部和东北部不显著;科技创新投入与市场需求规模效应在空间区域无差异且显著为正.建议依据科技创新投入的不同影响路径来实施空间差异化策略.     

深圳市餐饮垃圾收运处置规划研究

文章对深圳市餐饮垃圾单独收运处置进行了规划研究,规划年限2006-2020年.通过对深圳市餐饮垃圾的产生、收运处置现状及存在的问题分析,提出了餐饮垃圾的收运模式以及采用厌氧消化制沼气的处置方式.此外,还提出了深圳市餐饮垃圾的管理建设思路.     

空调新技术对碳排放量影响的探讨

从对碳排放量影响的角度探讨空调新技术较之常规空调技术的区别,以典型的夏热冬冷地区武汉为例,具体计算了6个应用不同空调技术的工程实例.结果表明,地源热泵、水源热泵、变频技术、蓄能技术、热回收技术在空调系统中的运用能够有效地减少碳排放量,提出了空调系统能耗系数与碳排放量的经验关系式,给出了实现绿色空调的措施.     

Coupling mechanism of activated carbon mixed with dust for flue gas desulfurization and denitrification

To clarify the effect of coking dust, sintering dust and fly ash on the activity of activated carbon for various industrial flue gas desulfurization and denitrification, the coupling mechanism of the mixed activated carbon and dust was investigated to provide theoretical reference for the stable operation. The results show that coking dust had 34% desulfurization efficiency and 10% denitrification efficiency; correspondingly, sintering dust and fly ash had no obvious desulfurization and denitrification activities. For the mixture of activated carbon and dust, the coking dust reduced the desulfurization and denitrification efficiencies by blocking the pores of activated carbon, and its inhibiting effect on activated carbon was larger than its own desulfurization and denitrification activity. The sintering dust also reduced the desulfurization efficiency on the activated carbon while enhancing the denitrification efficiency. Fly ash blocked the pores of activated carbon and reduced its reaction activity. The reaction activity of coking dust mainly came from the surface functional groups, similar to that of activated carbon. The reaction activity of sintering dust mainly came from the oxidative property of Fe₂O₃, which oxidized NO to NO₂ and promoted the fast selectively catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO to form N₂. Sintering dust was activated by the joint action of activated carbon, and both had a coupling function. Sintering dust enhanced the adsorption and oxidation of NO, and activated carbon further promoted the reduction of NO_x by NH₃; thus, the denitrification efficiency increased by 5%-7% on the activated carbon.     

锆负载型树脂用于含氟废水深度处理的研究

本文研制了一种以火力发电厂废树脂为载体的锆负载型氟离子吸附剂 ,并在评价了该树脂对氟离子的吸附性能之后探讨了该树脂用于火力发电厂含氟废水深度处理的可能性。研究结果表明 ,锆的最佳负载的最佳浓度为0 .5mol/L ,该负载树脂的最佳吸附pH为 3.0— 4 .0 ,用填充柱进行的动态实验结果表明 ,pH =3时的吸附容量显著高于 pH=4时的值。利用该树脂对火力发电厂模拟含氟废水进行了双柱串联吸附工艺处理 ,当柱流量为 35mL/min(SV10 )、第二柱穿透时 ,第一柱的吸附容量为 10 2 2 8mg/L湿树脂 ;用 0 .1mol/L的NaOH溶液进行再生 ,柱流量选择为 35mL/min(SV10 )时 ,脱附率在 95 %以上。     

Grazing greatly reduces the temporal stability of soil cellulolytic fungal community in a steppe on the Tibetan Plateau

Excessive livestock grazing degrades grasslands ecosystem stability and sustainability by reducing soil organic matter and plant productivity. However, the effects of grazing on soil cellulolytic fungi, an important indicator of the degradation process for soil organic matter, remain less well understood. Using T-RFLP and sequencing methods, we investigated the effects of grazing on the temporal changes of cellulolytic fungal abundance and community structure in dry steppe soils during the growing months from May to September, on the Tibetan Plateau using T-RFLP and sequencing methods. The results demonstrated that the abundance of soil cellulolytic fungi under grazing treatment changed significantly from month to month, and was positively correlated with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and soil temperature, but negatively correlated with soil pH. Contrastingly, cellulolytic fungal abundance did not change within the fencing treatment (ungrazed conditions). Cellulolytic fungal community structure changed significantly in the growing months in grazed soils, but did not change in fenced soils. Grazing played a key role in determining the community structure of soil cellulolytic fungi by explaining 8.1% of the variation, while pH and DOC explained 4.1% and 4.0%, respectively. Phylogenetically, the cellulolytic fungi were primarily affiliated with Ascomycota (69.65% in relative abundance) and Basidiomycota (30.35%). Therefore, grazing substantially reduced the stability of soil cellulolytic fungal abundance and community structure, as compared with the fencing treatment. Our finding provides a new insight into the responses of organic matter-decomposing microbes for grassland managements.     

某柴油污染场地NAPL运移规律研究

该文根据某柴油污染场地调查和污染物检测结果,利用GMS中MODFLOW和SEAM3D模块建立研究区地下水流模型和典型非水相液体(NAPL)苯、甲苯及乙苯的运移模型研究了NAPL的运移规律,模型中考虑了对流-弥散、溶解、吸附和微生物降解等过程。研究结果显示,NAPL污染羽在100 d内运移较快,呈中心向四周均匀扩散趋势,随后逐渐沿地下水流向扩散,甲苯的污染羽面积大于苯和乙苯。敏感性分析表明,组分质量分数、溶解速率和Fe(Ⅲ)初始浓度是影响NAPL运移的关键因素。组分质量分数越大,其在地下水中的平衡浓度越高;溶解速率主要影响NAPL到达平衡的时间,溶解速率越大,到达平衡的时间越短;Fe(Ⅲ)初始浓度主要影响甲苯的微生物降解过程,Fe(Ⅲ)初始浓度越高,微生物降解作用越强,但对于苯和乙苯,微生物降解几乎不受Fe(Ⅲ)初始浓度的影响。该研究可为场地污染范围的确定、风险管控和修复提供科学依据。