固定化生物活性炭处理低浓度甲醇废水

将分离筛选得到的甲醇降解菌固定在颗粒活性炭上,组成固定化生物活性炭反应系统,研究该反应系统处理轻度污染含甲醇废水的最佳运行条件和运行效果,结果表明,固定化生物活性炭处理轻度污染含甲醇放心水的方法明显好于3种树脂和单纯活性炭吸附处理,反应系统的最佳运行条件是水力负荷0．84－0．77m^3(m^2.h）,停留时间57－62min,pH7－8,温度20℃－30℃,溶解氧是去除甲醇的主要限制因子,甲醇含量为11．3－23．1mg／L时,去除率大90％,出水CODcr小于12mg／L。此外还研究了生物活性炭生物膜的一些特点,并分析了运行中活性炭吸附性能的变化。     

河淮地震带地震活动特征

通过对河淮地震带历史地震和现今地震活动特征的研究 ,初步认为研究区地震活动存在准周期性变化。研究还发现 ,该区地震活动与中国大陆地震活动存在一定的相关性。     

Determination of bromacil transport as a function of water and carbon content in soils

This study was conducted to determine the significance of bromacil transport as a function of water and carbon content in soils and to explore the implications of neglecting sorption when making assessments of travel time of bromacil through the vadose zone. Equilibrium batch sorption tests were performed for loamy sand and sandy soil added with four different levels of powdered activated carbon (PAC) content (0, 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1%). Column experiments were also conducted at various water and carbon contents under steady-state flow conditions. The first set of column experiments was conducted in loamy sand containing 1.5% organic carbon under three different water contents (0.23, 0.32, and 0.41) to measure breakthrough curves (BTCs) of bromide and bromacil injected as a square pulse. In the second set of column experiments, BTCs of bromide and bromacil injected as a front were measured in saturated sandy columns at the four different PAC levels given above. Column breakthrough data were analyzed with both equilibrium and nonequilibrium (two-site) convection-dispersion equation (CDE) models to determine transport and sorption parameters under various water and carbon contents. Analysis with batch data indicated that neglect of the partition-related term in the calculation of solute velocity may lead to erroneous estimation of travel time of bromacil, i.e. an overestimation of the solute velocity by a factor of R. The column experiments showed that arrival time of the bromacil peak was larger than that of the bromide peak in soils, indicating that transport of bromacil was retarded relative to bromide in the observed conditions. Extent of bromacil retardation (R) increased with decreasing water content and increasing PAC content, supporting the importance of retardation in the estimation of travel time of bromacil even at small amounts of organic carbon for soils with lower water content.     

层次分析法在区域湖泊水资源可持续发展评价中的应用

依据可持续发展理论,区域可持续发展系统一般由人口、资源、环境、经浊和社会五个子系统组成。本文从四个方面（人对资源环境的需求;资源环境的需求;经济发展的需求;社会发展的需求）提出区域湖泊水资源可持续发展的５指标体系。并用层次分析法计算各指标的权重,用于评价区域湖泊水资源可持续发展的保证程度,结果表明：区域湖泊水资源可持续发展指标体系的２６个指标中,与人民群众生活息息相关的居民对水物满意程度（Ｐ１３）     

建设环保型城市道路

指出了传统城市道路建设存在的环境问题 ,论述了开发环保型城市道路的必要性 ,综述了修建环保型道路的新技术 ,提出了环保型城市道路的新概念和利用工业固体废物作筑路材料的观点。 2 1世纪 ,政府和公众都应充分重视和支持环保型道路的建设。     

TiO2与Cu2O光催化降解对硝基苯酚比较研究

分别采用自制的纳米TiO2和Cu2O研究对硝基苯酚的光催化降解.结果表明,模拟阳光条件下,100mg·l-1对硝基苯酚水溶液的氧化亚铜催化反应半衰期为20.0min,而二氧化钛不具备可见光催化能力;在SGY-1多功能光化学反应器中,TiO2催化降解对硝基苯酚的半衰期是48.1min.产物分析表明,n-型半导体二氧化钛的光催化反应存在两种降解历程,生成二羟基硝基苯或脱除硝基.而p-型半导体氧化亚铜催化的光降解反应未检出脱硝基产物,仅检出1,2-二羟基-4-硝基苯.     

基于矩形巷道应力特征点的空间数据分析

为得出矩形巷道围岩应力空间分布特征,将复变函数理论推导得出的曲线坐标应力分量转换为巷道所在平面的直角坐标应力分量,采用Matlab软件对巷道应力特征点的空间数据进行分析,得出了巷道围岩应力场分布直观图。并考虑了侧压系数、高宽比及巷道断面尺寸等对围岩应力场的影响,结果表明,应力峰值随侧压系数的增大而增大。应力峰值出现在矩形巷道的四角上,与侧压系数、高宽比、巷道断面面积无关。侧压系数大于1时,顶底板水平应力和最大主应力均随侧压系数增大而增大,两帮垂直应力随侧压系数增大而减小;垂直应力峰值、两帮垂直应力随高宽比增加而减小,顶底板的水平应力和最大主应力随高宽比增加而增加。围岩应力变化规律与巷道断面面积无关。     

Remediation of soil and groundwater contaminated with organic chemicals using stabilized nanoparticles: Lessons from the past two decades

▪ Overviewed evolution and environmental applications of stabilized nanoparticles. ▪ Reviewed theories on particle stabilization for enhanced reactivity/deliverability. ▪ Examined various in situ remediation technologies based on stabilized nanoparticles. ▪ Summarized knowledge on transport of stabilized nanoparticles in porous media. ▪ Identified key knowledge gaps and future research needs on stabilized nanoparticles. Due to improved soil deliverability and high reactivity, stabilized nanoparticles have been studied for nearly two decades for in situ remediation of soil and groundwater contaminated with organic pollutants. While large amounts of bench- and field-scale experimental data have demonstrated the potential of the innovative technology, extensive research results have also unveiled various merits and constraints associated different soil characteristics, types of nanoparticles and particle stabilization techniques. Overall, this work aims to critically overview the fundamental principles on particle stabilization, and the evolution and some recent developments of stabilized nanoparticles for degradation of organic contaminants in soil and groundwater. The specific objectives are to: 1) overview fundamental mechanisms in nanoparticle stabilization; 2) summarize key applications of stabilized nanoparticles for in situ remediation of soil and groundwater contaminated by legacy and emerging organic chemicals; 3) update the latest knowledge on the transport and fate of stabilized nanoparticles; 4) examine the merits and constraints of stabilized nanoparticles in environmental remediation applications; and 5) identify the knowledge gaps and future research needs pertaining to stabilized nanoparticles for remediation of contaminated soil and groundwater. Per instructions of this invited special issue, this review is focused on contributions from our group (one of the pioneers in the subject field), which, however, is supplemented by important relevant works by others. The knowledge gained is expected to further advance the science and technology in the environmental applications of stabilized nanoparticles.     

重金属污染土壤修复治理技术概述

综合阐述土壤重金属污染的现状、土壤中重金属污染物的来源、重金属在土壤中的赋存形态,总结了现存可行的一些土壤重金属污染治理措施并提出防治建议。     

季铵化改性稻草吸附去除水中SO42-的特性研究

采用NaOH、环氧氯丙烷和三甲胺改性稻草秸秆,制备出含季铵基的吸附剂,用以去除水中的硫酸根离子(SO2-4).通过SEM、元素分析、13C-NMR表征发现,稻草改性后表面纤维结构暴露,含氮量增加,引入了大量的季铵基,吸附潜力显著提高.吸附实验结果表明,改性稻草吸附去除SO42-平衡时间约20min,pH为3～8范围内吸附效果较好.采用Langmuir吸附模型可较好地描述改性稻草对SO2-4的吸附等温线,其最大单分子层吸附量Qmax为74.76mg·g-1,吸附能力远大于原稻草(11.68mg·g-1).