Genomewide analysis indicates that queen larvae have lower methylation levels in the honey bee (Apis mellifera)

The honey bee is a social insect characterized by caste differentiation, by which a young larva can develop into either a queen or a worker. Despite possessing the same genome, queen and workers display marked differences in reproductive capacity, physiology, and behavior. Recent studies have shown that DNA methylation plays important roles in caste differentiation. To further explore the roles of DNA methylation in this process, we analyzed DNA methylome profiles of both queen larvae (QL) and worker larvae (WL) of different ages (2, 4, and 6 day old), by using methylated DNA immunoprecipitation-sequencing (meDIP-seq) technique. The global DNA methylation levels varied between the larvae of two castes. DNA methylation increased from 2-day- to 4-day-old QL and then decreased in 6-day-old larvae. In WL, methylation levels increased with age. The methylcytosines in both larvae were enriched in introns, followed by coding sequence (CDS) regions, CpG islands, 2 kbp downstream and upstream of genes, and 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs). The number of differentially methylated genes (DMGs) in 2-, 4-, and 6-day-old QL and WL was 725, 3,013, and 5,049, respectively. Compared to 4- and 6-day-old WL, a large number of genes in QL were downmethylated, which were involved in many processes including development, reproduction, and metabolic regulation. In addition, some DMGs were concerned with caste differentiation.     

Experiment-based investigations of magnesium dust explosion characteristics

An experimental investigation was carried out on magnesium dust explosions. Tests of explosion severity, flammability limit and solid inerting were conducted thanks to the Siwek 20 L vessel and influences of dust concentration, particle size, ignition energy, initial pressure and added inertant were taken into account. That magnesium dust is more of an explosion hazard than coal dust is confirmed and quantified by contrastive investigation. The Chinese procedure GB/T 16425 is overly conservative for LEL determination while EN 14034-3 yields realistic LEL data. It is also suggested that 2000-5000 J is the most appropriate ignition energy to use in the LEL determination of magnesium dusts, using the 20 L vessel. It is essential to point out that the overdriving phenomenon usually occurs for carbonaceous and less volatile metal materials is not notable for magnesium dusts. Trends of faster burning velocity and more efficient and adiabatic flame propagation are associated with fuel-rich dust clouds, smaller particles and hyperbaric conditions. Moreover, Inerting effectiveness of CaCO₃ appears to be higher than KCl values on thermodynamics, whereas KCl represents higher effectiveness upon kinetics. Finer inertant shows better inerting effectiveness.     

基于微粒再悬浮的沉降微粒团的受力分析

以管流中柴油机排气沉降微粒为研究对象,通过建立的沉降微粒再悬浮的静态模型,从微粒再悬浮的角度对沉降微粒团所受到的黏附力矩、重力力矩、碰撞力矩以及曳力力矩进行了计算分析.得到了柴油机排气沉降微粒团所受力矩随微粒团直径的变化规律、各种力矩的取值范围以及在柴油机排气沉降微粒再悬浮中各种力矩的作用.沉降微粒的平衡主要受黏附力矩、碰撞力矩以及曳力力矩的影响. 当微粒团直径为0.1～0.8 μm时,黏附力矩作用显著并维持沉降微粒的稳定. 随着微粒团直径的增加,曳力力矩和碰撞力矩快速增大,而黏附力矩的增大速率则相对比较缓慢,打破沉降微粒平衡的作用显著.     

CF3H熄灭CH4/O2火焰过程中产生HF的数值研究

三氟甲烷(CF3H,HFC - 23)是一种优良的哈龙替代物,在目前的气体灭火介质市场占据显著的位置.然而,在三氟甲烷和火焰作用的过程中产生的HF不仅对火灾现场设备具有严重的腐蚀,而且对灭火现场人员具有严重的伤害.首先采用k-ε涡黏湍流模型,对CF3H熄灭CH4/O2的二维稳态湍流非预混燃烧进行数值分析,讨论杯式燃烧器中CF3H熄灭CH4/O2火焰过程中HF组分变化规律,通过改变初始参数分析CF3H浓度、CH4/O2配比对HF生成量的影响;采用CHEMKIN 4.0程序模拟CF3H熄灭CH4/O2火焰中温度、反应物、主产物和自由基浓度随火焰高度的变化关系.结果表明,火焰上方20～25cm的区域为HF富集区;H、CF:O为生成HF的重要中间产物,可以通过降低中间产物浓度降低 HF.     

2009年姚安6.0级地震强震动应急观测的数据处理及其震害启示

对2009年7月9日云南姚安6.0级地震应急流动观测获取的强余震记录进行了处理和分析,包括记录的滤波及零漂处理,5.2级、4.7级、4.6级三次强余震的PGA、PGV、PGD及PSV、PSD以及对应的谱烈度(St)与相对持时(Td)等的计算及其分析.结果表明:这些强余震近场记录的滤波处理对高频成份影响较大,对低频部分影...     

利用欧洲数值预报产品制作哈尔滨市七日天气预报

阐述了利用已有数值预报产品和NCEP历史资料通过相似方法制作哈尔滨市24～168h的七日天气预报(包括降水、最高气温、最低气温)。根据高空形势场、地面形势场和物理量场相同条件下,其天气现象一般相同的天气学原理,将高空预报形势场与历史形势场作形、值相似比较,筛选出关系较好的相似个例,导出相似个例的要素,以其作为预报日的要素预报参考,并结合T639降水量预报和日本降水数值预报作出降水的综合预报。     

即将发布的《坠落防护 挂点装置》国家标准解读

《坠落防护挂点装置》标准是规定高处坠落防护挂点装置的技术要求、检验方法、检验规则及标识的国家标准。本文从标准适用范围、挂点装置分类、技术要求、检验等方面简述该标准的特点及意义,以加深对该标准的理解,促进其在挂点装置生产及检测方面的导向作用。     

轧钢企业加热炉的模糊综合评价体系研究

轧钢企业生产过程中,加热炉使用煤制气作为燃料加热金属料坯,易发生火灾、爆炸及人员中毒等事故,一直是从事安全工作人员关注的重点,加热炉的安全综合评价因其系统复杂性也成为日常工作的难点.应用系统工程的层次分析方法对某企业轧钢加热炉使用过程、设备设施及安全管理进行了危险有害因素分析与研究,建立事故危险性的多级综合评价体系.应用结果显示模糊综合层次分析法在加热炉的生产安全评价中具有一定的实用性、针对性和可操作性.     

鱼类实验动物的生物学特性及应用

本文阐述了鱼类实验动物的生物学特性,并综述了其作为实验动物在生物医学研究中的应用现状.     

猪粪生产有机复合肥的工艺设计

对南平市种猪场的污染现状进行了分析，提出用堆肥化的工艺路线对其猪粪进行处理，生产有机复合肥，在实际应用中取得良好效果。该技术具有操作简便、能耗低，实用性强等特点。