滇池不同水域凤眼莲生长特性及氮磷富集能力

在滇池草海和外海水域共选择6个试验点,采用围栏设施有控制地种养凤眼莲(Eichhornia crassipes),初始放养量为3 kg·m-2,每2周监测1次各试验点水质状况、凤眼莲生长特性指标和植株氮磷含量,对比研究滇池不同水域凤眼莲生长特性及氮磷富集能力差异.结果显示,外草海水域水体氮磷浓度较高,凤眼莲生物量增长速率最高,平均为542 g·m12·d-1,全年累积生物量最大,可达85.37 kg·m-2,植株TN、TP含量(以干质量计,下同)最高,分别为32.9和8.2 g· kg-1.外海白山湾水域水体氮磷浓度相对较低,凤眼莲生物量增长速率较低,平均为150 g·m-2·d-1,全年累积生物量较低,为27.00 kg·m-2,植株TN、TP含量较低,分别为15.0和6.4g· kg-1.水体pH值、氮磷含量和风浪是影响风眼莲生长的主要因素.     

Characterization and performance of Pt/SBA-15 for low-temperature SCR of NO by C3H6

Pt supported on mesoporous silica SBA-15 was investigated as a catalyst for low temperature selective catalytic reduction(SCR) of NO by C 3 H 6 in the presence of excess oxygen.The prepared catalysts were characterized by means of XRD,BET surface area,TEM,NO-TPD,NO/C 3 H 6-TPO,NH 3-TPD,XPS and 27 Al MAS NMR.The effects of Pt loading amount,O 2 /C 3 H 6 concentration,and incorporation of Al into SBA-15 have been studied.It was found that the removal efficiency increased significantly after Pt loading,but an optimal loading amount was observed.In particular,under an atmosphere of 150 ppm NO,150 ppm C 3 H 6,and 18 vol.% O 2,0.5% Pt/SBA-15 showed remarkably high catalytic performance giving 80.1% NOx reduction and 87.04% C 3 H 6 conversion simultaneously at 140°C.The enhanced SCR activity of Pt/SBA-15 is associated with its outstanding oxidation activities of NO to NO 2 and C 3 H 6 to CO 2 in low temperature range.The research results also suggested that higher concentration of O 2 and higher concentration of C 3 H 6 favored NO removal.The incorporation of Al into SBA-15 improved catalytic performance,which could be ascribed to the enhancement of catalyst surface acidity caused by tetrahedrally coordinated AlO 4.Moreover,the catalysts could be easily reused and possessed good stability.     

黄铜矿在含铁酸性介质中氧化过程的电化学研究

以天然黄铜矿为研究对象,运用开路电位,循环伏安曲线,Tafel极化曲线和交流阻抗(EIS)等电化学手段,对在硫酸介质中三价铁离子对黄铜矿的氧化过程的电化学行为进行了研究.结果表明,黄铜矿在酸性介质中的氧化可能通过两步反应完成,第一步中电极表面形成了一层主要成分是含硫中间产物的钝化膜,第二步则是黄铜矿主体的氧化.Fe3+离子有助于黄铁矿的直接氧化,在黄铜矿的溶解过程中起到了重要作用.极化曲线测量的结果显示随着溶液中Fe3+离子浓度的增加,黄铜矿的极化电流也在增加,黄铜矿也更容易进入钝化阶段.同时,交流阻抗对Fe3+离子浓度改变的响应也很敏感.     

Synthesis of the starch grafting of superabsorbent and high oil-absorbing resin

The graft copolymerization of the starch and acrylic were used to prepare the superabsorbent, and the high oil-absorbing resin was also studied preliminarily. In addition, following the method of the emulsion polymerization, the cerium nitrate amine was regarded as the initiator, the acrylic amide and the methyl methacrylate functioned as the monomer. There are several significant parameters taken into consideration such as the factors that influence the performance of the superabsorbent and the high oil-absorbing resin, the dosage of the initiator amount, the ratio of the starch and the monomer and the dosage of crosslinking agent.     

单质硫冲击对含硫废水中硫细菌与聚糖菌竞争关系的影响

聚糖菌的富集会与硫循环耦合反硝化除磷系统(denitrifying sulfur conversion-associated enhanced biological phosphorous removal,DS-EBPR)内功能种群微生物——硫细菌发生竞争,从而导致除磷效果波动.因此,首先对母反应器中微生物进行了长期驯化,然后通过向批次实验小反应器中投加单质硫,研究单质硫短期冲击对含硫废水中硫细菌与聚糖菌竞争关系的影响.结果表明,经过长期驯化,在母反应器中发现了硫细菌与聚糖菌共存的现象;而短期冲击实验结果表明,在单个周期反应过程中,虽然单质硫的投加对微生物内源物质(聚羟基脂肪酸酯、糖原)转化量、氮磷去除效果影响不大,但其可以提高硫细菌的活性,增加硫转化量,使得硫细菌在与聚糖菌的竞争中取得优势地位.     

Studies of Thermal Transformation of Humic and Fulvic Acids in Soils Ii. Thermogravimetry

The thermogravimetry and differential curves of the humic and fulvic acids in the soils from five areas of China were determined and the peaks of these curves were classified according to the results of infra-red (IR) spectra at high temperature and pyrolysis-mass spectra (Py/Ms). the kinetic parameters for heat-degradation of these humic and fulvic acids were calculated by the Coast-Redfern method. the initial temperatures, the final temperatures, and the peaks of DTG curves, the activation energies, the reaction orders and the percentages of weight loss at different reaction stages for these samples were analysed. Thus, the similarity of thermal transformation of humic and fulvic acids in the soils from different areas of China was demonstrated. in addition, the DTA curves of red earth HA and FA were determined.     

长江干流典型区域河流生境健康评价

河流生境是河流生态系统中的重要组成部分，是维持河流健康的重要因素。河流生境健康的准确评估可以为河流生态系统的保护与修复提供重要依据。针对长江干流生境特点，从河流物理生境形态、河流岸边带生境和水环境特征3个方面选取了10个指标，构建了长江干流生境评价的指标体系。基于该评价体系，在2017年8~9月对长江干流的金沙江下游、三峡库区、长江中下游3个典型区域的127个调查断面进行河流生境综合评估。结果表明：金沙江下游、三峡库区、长江中下游河流生境综合指数（RHI）分值的分别为133.9、124.6、130.8，总体评价等级均为“良”。水流情势、受人类活动干扰是金沙江下游生境变化的主要驱动因子，河岸渠化硬化、河岸植被覆盖、河岸植被带宽则是三峡库区和长江中下游生境变化的主要驱动因子。建议长江上游区域强化水生生物重要栖息地完整性保护，中下游区域加强岸边带、洲滩的生态修复，恢复江湖连通性，构建长江流域生态廊道和生物多样性保护网络。     

企业资源战略整合与可持续发展

企业的发展是与企业对资源的战略性整合密切相关的。由于企业所处的行业不同 ,行业特性所表现的资源特征也不尽相同。但是 ,就同处于一个行业内的企业来讲 ,其资源的基本构成是相同的。然而 ,这些资源的最终表现形态和结果却有很大的差异 ,因此 ,出现了有的企业兴旺发达 ,有的企业衰落而倒闭。所以 ,研究企业的资源整合对企业的可持续发展有着重要的现实意义     

长江河口淡水资源利用与避咸蓄淡水库

开发利用长江口的淡水资源 ,首先要研究河口水质的污染程度以及咸潮入侵的时空变化规律。长江河口水质除边滩存在局部污染外 ,主槽水质良好。长江口南支、南港、北港盐水来源主要有北支倒灌和外海盐水直接入侵两种形式 ,盐水入侵具有周日、半月、季节和年际变化规律 ,由于北支倒灌咸水团的影响 ,低盐度值往往出现在大潮期和涨憩附近。通过修建边滩水库 ,达到控制引水时间、避咸蓄淡的目的。最长连续超标天数的推算是确定水库库容的关键问题 ,采用数理统计、二维数值模拟、ARMAX模型 +Markov模型等方法推算 ,几种方法相互印证 ,计算结果基本上符合实际情况。“避咸潮取水 ,蓄淡水保质” ,这是宝钢干部、科技人员总结出来的长江河口引水经验。长江口取水工程由取水系统、调蓄水库和输水系统等三大部分组成。长江口避咸蓄淡水库的成功经验 ,对沿海潮汐河口的淡水资源开发利用具有示范作用。