鄱阳湖生态经济区城市体系空间结构分形特征分析

为探讨鄱阳湖生态经济区城市体系空间结构特征,利用分形模型,分别测算了鄱阳湖生态经济区城市体系的集聚维、网格维和关联维。研究表明：(1）南昌市和九江市在鄱阳湖生态经济区城市体系自组织演化过程中核心作用明显（集聚维数分别为1.042 5和1.151 6）,前人认为该区域城市体系具有双核结构特征,集聚维数的测算从城市自组织演化角度印证了该论点;(2）研究区城市体系在空间上以线（如公路、铁路）为轴线展布（容量维（1.035 6）、信息维（107）、关联维D→1）,区域内各主要城市之间通达性良好（牛鸦维数比Q=0.941 6）;(3）区域内城市体系系统演化动力比较单一（D1≈D0）,自组织演化过程中明显受到鄱阳湖平原水陆生态系统的驱动     

碳纤维/环氧复合材料湿热环境疲劳剩余强度试验

为研究湿热环境对碳纤维/环氧复合材料单向带疲劳性能的影响,开展了碳纤维/环氧复合材料单向带含中心孔层压板疲劳试验和压缩剩余强度试验。分别在标准环境条件、湿热环境条件下对试件进行拉-压疲劳试验,最后进行压缩剩余强度试验,通过对试验结果的分析,研究碳纤维/环氧复合材料单向带在温度70±2℃、相对湿度(85±5)%RH的湿热环境影响下的疲劳性能。试验表明:湿热环境试件与标准环境试件相比,强度下降了2%,为复合材料方向舵的疲劳损伤容限试验提供了试验依据。     

Assessment of bacterial communities and characterization of lead-resistant bacteria in the rhizosphere soils of metal-tolerant Chenopodium ambrosioides grown on lead-zinc mine tailings

Bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soils of metal tolerant and accumulating Chenopodium ambrosioides grown in highly and moderately lead-zinc mine tailings contaminated-soils as well as the adjacent soils with low metal contamination were characterized by using cultivation-independent and cultivation techniques. A total of 69, 73, and 83 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) having 84.8-100% similarity with the closest match in the database were detected among high, moderate, and low-contamination soil clone libraries, respectively. These OTUs had a Shannon diversity index value in the range of 4.06-4.30. There were 9, 10, and 14 bacterial genera specific to high, moderate, and low metal-contaminated soil clone libraries, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Pb-resistant isolates belonged to 8 genera. Pseudomonas and Arthrobacter were predominant among the isolates. Most of the isolates (82-86%) produced indole acetic acid and siderophores. More strains from the highly metal-contaminated soil produced 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase than the strains from the moderately and lowly metal-contaminated soils. In experiments involving canola grown in quartz sand containing 200 mg kg⁻¹ of Pb, inoculation with the isolated Paenibacillusjamilae HTb8 and Pseudomonas sp. GTa5 was found to significantly increase the above-ground tissues dry weight (ranging from 19% to 36%) and Pb uptake (ranging from 30% to 40%) compared to the uninoculated control. These results show that C. ambrosioides harbor different metal-resistant bacterial communities in their rhizosphere soils and the isolates expressing plant growth promoting traits may be exploited for improving the phytoextraction efficiency of Pb-polluted environment.     

基于支持向量机的白云湖水质评价

利用支持向量机模型良好的推广和泛化能力,以及在处理分类问题及小样本问题方面的优势,构建了湖泊水质评价模型,并运用此模型对白云湖的水质评价进行了研究。于2011年对广州市白云湖进水口A和出水口E以及湖区内B、C、D共5点分别进行了3次水质监测(1月份、4月份和8月份)。分析结果表明,A、B、C、D、E 5点1月份的水质除B点为Ⅳ类水外其余4点均为Ⅴ类水,4月份除A点为Ⅴ类水外其余4点均为Ⅳ类水,8月份除A为Ⅳ类水外其余4点均为Ⅱ类水,白云湖在经过开始的不稳定状态后,正在逐渐实现其净化水质的设计作用。相对于常规的评价方法,所得结果更为科学、合理。     

赣北鄱阳湖地区黄土元素地球化学特征研究

对长江中下游彭泽定山-太平地区黄土进行元素分析,并将结果与黄土高原黄土、长江下游等地典型风成堆积进行对比。结果表明：（1）赣北鄱阳湖地区黄土元素P、Na、Ca亏损明显,Ti、Fe等为残留富集;断面上黄土脱Ca、Na过程明显,正朝着脱K去Si富Al趋势发展;元素变化率特征,赣北鄱阳湖地区黄土主要元素的迁移顺序如下：Ca>P>Na>Mg>Mn>K>Si>Al>Fe3+>Ti。（2）赣北鄱阳湖地区黄土风化强度属于中等风化强度,与其他地区风成沉积在风化强度由弱到强上构成如下序列：〖JP2〗洛川黄土<镇江黄土<赣北鄱阳湖地区黄土<宣城风成红土。研究区黄土风化强度略强于镇江黄土,主要是由二者地形条件决定的排水条件造成。（3）研究区稳定元素组成明显区别于其他地区风成沉积,指示定山-太平地区沙山砂、黄土可能来自统一的物源区即其上风向的长江河漫滩平原     

江苏省交通运输业能源消费碳排放及脱钩效应

通过自上而下的计算方法,测算了江苏省1995～2010年交通运输行业能源消费碳排放量和人均碳排放量,并结合行业自身发展特点,扩展了Kaya恒等式,运用LMDI分解法进行分解分析。同时,在上述基础上采用Tapio模型对江苏省交通碳排放与交通运输业经济发展的脱钩关系进行了探讨。研究发现:(1)江苏省交通碳排放量与人均碳排量均呈明显上升趋势,其中石油制品类能源消费碳排放表现突出;(2)正向驱动交通碳排放量增加的因素为经济产出、人口规模和产业结构,负向驱动因素为交通能源结构和交通能源强度。其中,拉动碳排放量增长的决定性因素是经济产出规模的扩大,而促使碳排放减少的主要因素是交通能源强度的降低,相对于正向驱动因素,负向驱动因素抑制交通碳排放增加作用有限;(3)交通碳排放量变化与运输业经济发展之间的脱钩状态以扩张负连接、扩张负脱钩和弱脱钩为主,脱钩关系总体呈先恶化后改善的趋势,但要完全实现两者的绝对脱钩,依然任重道远     

胺液脱硫系统再生性能下降原因分析及对策

中国石化茂名分公司两套胺液集中再生装置出现异常,再生后贫液中ρ(H_2S)达到2.0~3.0 g/L,远高于1.2g/L的工艺设计值。通过在实验室模拟装置上考察新鲜脱硫剂的吸收和再生性能、分析工厂胺液脱硫系统贫液的杂质组成和来源、对比实验室净化前后的效果,查明胺液脱硫系统脱硫剂再生性能下降的原因。据此对工厂胺液脱硫系统提出相应的操作建议,包括采取胺液净化技术将系统热稳盐含量(w)从2.35%降至0.95%、规范操作以降低Na~+含量等措施,使得胺液脱硫系统在整改后的两个月运行中,贫液中ρ(H_2S)从原来的最高1.68 g/L降至0.66 g/L以下,达到胺液脱硫系统稳定运行的目的。     

柠檬酸淋洗去除电子垃圾污染土壤中的重金属

采用柠檬酸溶液对模拟电子垃圾污染土壤（简称污染土壤）中Cu,Pb,Cd 3种重金属进行淋洗实验,考察了柠檬酸溶液的浓度、柠檬酸溶液的pH、淋洗时间等对污染土壤中Cu,Pb,Cd的淋洗效果,探讨了柠檬酸溶液淋洗前后污染土壤中Cu,Pb,Cd 3种重金属各形态含量的变化。研究结果表明,在柠檬酸溶液的浓度0.100 mol/L、柠檬酸溶液的pH 5、淋洗时间1 440 min的适宜条件下,对污染土壤中Cu,Pb,Cd的去除率分别达到89.37%,72.11%,86.39%。柠檬酸溶液对3种重金属的去除主要是通过洗出酸可提取态（R1）和酸可还原态（R2）来实现的,每种重金属的R1和R2之和均占到其淋出总量的95%以上,而酸可氧化态（R3）和残渣态（R4）的含量淋洗前后基本无变化。     

Selective separation of deltamethrin by molecularly imprinted polymers using a β-cyclodextrin derivative as the functional monomer

A deltamethrin-imprinted polymer (MIP₁) was prepared using bis(-6-O-butanediacid monoester)-β-cyclodextrin (BBA-β-CD) as the functional monomer and toluene 2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) as the cross-linker. In comparison to the molecularly imprinted polymer where β-CD was applied as the functional monomer (MIP₂), MIP₁ showed a higher specific binding capacity (ΔC_P) and an improved imprinting factor (IF) for deltamethrin. The selective recognition experiments demonstrated that compared to MIP₂, MIP₁ could better recognize its template over other substrates that had similar chemical structures. The solid phase extraction (SPE) of deltamethrin using MIP₁ as the adsorbent was further investigated. The recoveries of the molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction (MISPE) column for deltamethrin were 83.2–93.4% with relative standard deviations (RSD) of 2.03–6.19%. The method has been successfully applied to the enrichment of trace deltamethrin from real water samples.     

潮汐流-潜流组合人工湿地污水净化效率

构建了潮汐流-潜流组合和潜流-潮汐流组合人工湿地对污水进行处理,分别研究2种组合人工湿地对污水的净化效果。结果表明,在平均进水COD浓度为214．28mg／L、NH4＋-N浓度为10．57mg／L、PO34--P浓度为5．44mg／L、TN浓度为10．25mg／L,水力负荷为o．2m3／（m2·d）的条件下,潮汐流-潜流组合人工湿地对COD、PO34--P的去除率分别为58．28％和46．99％,与潜流-潮汐流组合人工湿地处理效果相近;对NH4＋-N、TN,潮汐流-潜流组合人工湿地的去除率分别为69．93％和71．03％,比潜流-潮汐流组合人工湿地分别高15％和33％。潮汐流-潜流人工湿地的组合,在系统内实现了硝化-反硝化的组合,强化了系统对TN的净化效果,其对TN的净化效果比-般的潜流和表面流人工湿地组合提高20％～30％。总体上,潮汐流-潜流组合人工湿地具有更好的净化效果。