临近断层特厚煤层分层开采冲击地压发生机制

为了研究临近断层分层开采的冲击地压发生机制,以老虎台矿特厚煤层开采为研究背景,采用地质动力区划方法、数值模拟和现场监测方法对井田的地质动力环境、临近断层开采的围岩应力分布规律和断层滑移特征及其与冲击地压的关系进行了研究。采用地质动力区划方法,将老虎台井田断裂构造划分为5级,通过地震和矿震分布情况,确定老虎台矿地质构造活跃,处于较高的应力环境;采用FLAC3D数值模拟和锚索应力监测方法,分析断层围岩应力演化规律和断层滑移规律,在断层和开采共同作用下工作面断层侧超前支承压力急剧升高。结果表明,地质动力环境为冲击地压的发生创造了外界环境条件,断层和采动的耦合作用是冲击地压诱发的主要原因。     

南水北调中线干渠生态系统结构与功能分析

为分析和掌握南水北调中线干渠生态系统结构与功能的特征参数,根据2015~2019年中线干渠鱼类资源调查数据及实测的鱼类生物学参数数据,应用Ecopath with Ecosim 6.6软件构建了Ecopath食物网模型.模型由18个功能组组成,包括了初级生产者、初级消费者、主要鱼类和有机碎屑等.结果显示：中线干渠生态系统规模总流量、总生产量和总消耗量分别为19186.330,8947.857和1106.002（t/（km²·a））,食物网主要由4个整合营养级（1.00~3.71）构成,最高营养级为大型肉食性鱼类鱤（3.71）.食物网能量传递主要有两条途径,分别为牧食食物链和碎屑食物链,两者传递的能量相当,但牧食食物链传递效率是碎屑食物链的近两倍.交互营养分析结果表明,捕食者对其饵料生物的影响一般为抑制作用,碎屑生物量的增加对大部分功能组的影响为正效应,小型上层鱼类对浮游动物生物量起抑制作用.从各功能组之间的生态位重叠来看,各功能组间捕食者生态位重叠现象不普遍,重叠指数适中,部分肉食性鱼类的捕食者生态位重叠指数达到1.对生态系统总体特征分析发现,中线干渠生态系统的总初级生产量与总呼吸量的比值（P/R）、总初级生产量与总生物量的比值（P/B）、Finn's循环指数（FCI）和Finn's平均路径长度（FML）都表明该生态系统处于发展的幼态期,抵抗外界干扰的能力差.此外,中线干渠生态系统对初级生产力的利用率很低,导致过多的营养物质未进入更高营养级的食物链中进行循环,造成系统能量流动的滞缓.因此,根据生物操纵理论,可通过优化和完善鱼类群落结构,增强对系统初级生产力的利用效率,促进物质循环和能量流动,维持生态系统稳定.     

Ag-AgIO3改性BiOI光催化剂湿法脱除气态单质汞

采用沉积沉淀-光还原法制备了不同AgIO₃含量的BiOI光催化剂,利用X射线衍射、N₂吸附-脱附、扫描电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱、紫外-可见漫反射光谱和电子自旋共振对其物理化学结构进行表征,在光催化反应器上研究了AgIO₃负载量、光照、溶液温度、pH值、SO₂和NO对气态单质汞（Hg⁰）去除性能的影响.结果表明,与BiOI相比,Ag-AgIO₃改性后光催化剂的脱汞性能大幅提高.当AgIO₃负载量为4wt.%时,光催化剂的脱汞效率高达98%.与NO相比,SO₂对脱汞性能的抑制作用更大.由于Ag和AgIO₃在BiOI表面的高度分散性,Ag-AgIO₃（4%） BiOI的可见光吸收性能明显提高.荧光灯辐照与Ag-AgIO₃/BiOI光催化剂协同会产生大量的活性物种.在Ag-AgIO₃/BiOI光催化剂的高效脱汞体系中,超氧阴离子自由基（·O₂^-）为最主要的活性物质,而空穴（h⁺）和羟基自由基（·OH）次之.     

环渤海地区2,4,4''-三氯联苯的多介质归趋模拟

为探究多氯联苯(PCBs)在环渤海地区的环境多介质迁移和归趋行为,本研究以2,4,4′-三氯联苯(PCB28)为目标污染物,基于区域尺度多介质城乡逸度模型,模拟了稳态条件下PCB28在各环境相中的浓度分布、总量分配以及相间迁移过程,并对模型的输入参数和输出结果分别进行了敏感性和不确定性分析.结果表明,PCB28在淡水、农村土壤、城市土壤和沉积物中的模拟浓度与实测浓度吻合较好,验证了模型的可靠性.PCB28在城市土壤中的浓度最大,浓度均值为5.26×10~(-6) mol·m~(-3),在农村大气中的浓度最小,浓度均值为5.79×10~(-14) mol·m~(-3).当环境系统达到平衡时,土壤是PCB28最主要的"汇",占其在环境中总储量的96.45%.大气相与其他环境相间的相互迁移过程是PCB28在环渤海地区进行空间迁移的主导过程.大气传输是PCB28最主要的入海途径,从农村大气到海水的迁移通量占总入海通量的97.22%.参数敏感性分析结果表明PCB28排放速率、栅格规模及与迁移速率相关的参数是影响大气相中PCB28浓度的关键参数.不确定性分析结果表明PCB28在农村大气和城市大气中的浓度分布都符合对数正态分布,其变异系数分别为0.44和0.41.     

基于车载诊断系统的轻型乘用车实际道路油耗特征分析

近年来的一系列研究表明,轻型车实际道路油耗与型式认证油耗间的差异在不断增大,之前的实际道路油耗研究大多基于用户上报数据或车载排放测试系统(PEMS).车载诊断系统(OBD)是一种监测发动机及排放控制系统实时工作状态的仪器.本研究通过OBD解码器采集瞬时发动机进气量计算机动车瞬态油耗并通过2辆轻型汽油车的实验室台架测试证明该方法具有很好的准确性(差异在±5%以内).本研究进一步在北京选取了7辆轻型汽油车,利用OBD解码器开展实际道路油耗测试,并研究运行工况及车辆载重对其实际道路油耗的影响.实际道路结果显示测试车辆在典型工况下的油耗比型式认证油耗高23.1%~46.4%,平均差异为29.2%.通过微观运行模态方法将实际道路油耗修正到法规测试循环(NEDC工况)的交通特征下,道路油耗仍然比型式认证油耗高18.7%±7.1%.研究表明,平均速度与实际道路油耗具有很强的相关性.实际道路油耗在30 km·h-1以下时会随速度降低而显著上升.此外,研究还发现如果车辆载重增加260 kg,实际道路油耗将上升6.2%±2.2%.     

柠檬酸固态发酵过程的研究

本文研究了以甘薯为原料，以黑曲霉为菌种，固态发酵制柠檬酸的最佳发酵条件和发酵动力学。探讨了接种方式、灭菌与否以及温度、含水量、ｐＨ值、颗粒度、通气速率等因素对柠檬酸固态发酵过程的影响，提出了适宜的发酵参数。在此基础上，进一步研究甘薯固态发酵制取柠檬酸的动力学模型，确定了模型参数与操作条件的关系。该模型反映了基质消耗、产物生成、菌体生长及ＣＯ２释放速率的变化过程和温度、颗粒度的影响。模型的模拟结果与     

Microcystin-LR detection based on indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Microcystins (MCs) are a group of closely related toxic cyclic heptapeptides produced by common cyanobacteria, which cause lots of accidents and threatens human health. In this paper, an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) was established and used to detect microcystin-LR (MC-LR) in drinking and surface waters. The concentration of coating antigen was 5 μ/mL, the dilution of monoclonal antibody MC10E7 was 1:3 000, the dilution of enzyme tracer (goat anti-mouse IgG-peroxidase) was 1:3 000, the standard concentration of MC-LR ranged from 0.001 μg/L to 30 μg/L, and o-phenylenediamine was used as substrate. The assay showed high relativity with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a correlation coefficient of more than 99%. The relative standard deviation was less than 10%, the detection limit was achieved down to 0.01 μg/L and up to 5.1 μg/L. The quantitative detection range was from 0.03 μg/L to 3 μg/L, and the antibody had high specificity for [4-arginine] microcystins. It performed well in spite of the influence of the real samples.     

Microcystin-LR detection based on indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Microcystins (MCs) are a group of closely related toxic cyclic heptapeptides produced by common cyanobacteria, which cause lots of accidents and threatens human health. In this paper, an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) was established and used to detect microcystin-LR (MC-LR) in drinking and surface waters. The concentration of coating antigen was 5 μ/mL, the dilution of monoclonal antibody MC10E7 was 1:3 000, the dilution of enzyme tracer (goat anti-mouse IgG-peroxidase) was 1:3 000, the standard concentration of MC-LR ranged from 0.001 μg/L to 30 μg/L, and o-phenylenediamine was used as substrate. The assay showed high relativity with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a correlation coefficient of more than 99%. The relative standard deviation was less than 10%, the detection limit was achieved down to 0.01 μg/L and up to 5.1 μg/L. The quantitative detection range was from 0.03 μg/L to 3 μg/L, and the antibody had high specificity for [4-arginine] microcystins. It performed well in spite of the influence of the real samples. Translated from Environmental Science, 2006, 27(6): 1166–1170 [译自: 环境科学]     

石灰石湿法烟气脱硫添加剂的实验研究

利用双搅拌釜，作石灰石浆液脱硫的实验，测定添加剂强化前后石灰石浆液脱硫过程中气液两相传质系数的变化，对比气液两相传质系数的大小。并结合国内外脱硫技术现状，提出了以石灰石作为脱硫剂，以硫酸镁、硫酸钠、腐残酸钠为添加剂，应用双搅拌釜为主设备的湿法脱硫方法，对添加剂的脱硫机理进行了基础性研究。     

An improved method of direct chromosome preparation from chorionic villus and high resolution banding technique

The trophoblast was dissociated from the underlying mesenchymal layer either with acetic acid after short-term prefixation or with mechanical power after fixation twice. The colcemid treatment time was shorted to 16 min and trypsin solution of low pH (6.2) was used for banding. By these steps, the quality of chromosome banding was greatly improved and complete standard chromosome diagnoses were made in 24 of 24 cases. With the modified technique, high resolution banding chromosomes were consistently obtained after short-term incubation.