Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in food and associated human daily intake assessment considering bioaccessibility measured by simulated gastrointestinal digestion

The concentrations of PBDEs in 299 vegetable and animal-based food samples of 31 species, collected in Shanghai, China, and the bioaccessibility of PBDEs in part of the samples were determined. The PBDE concentrations ranged from 0 to 1245.4 pg g⁻¹ with animal-based food containing more PBDEs than vegetables. The bioaccessibility of PBDEs, determined by a method simulating human gastrointestinal digestion process, were from 2.6% to 39.9% in vegetables, and from 5.2% to 105.3% in animal-based food. For animal-based food, good correlations were observed between the bioaccessibility of PBDEs and the fat content, thus the fat content in animal-based food was able to be used to estimate the bioaccessibility of PBDEs. The total daily intake of PBDEs via ingestion of vegetables and animal-based food for an average Shanghai resident was estimated as 13 235.7 and 13 668.0 pg d⁻¹, respectively, but the amounts available for human absorption were reduced to 2674.4 and 4316.6 pg d⁻¹ after the PBDE bioaccessibility was considered. Finally, the contributions of different food groups to the total daily intake of PBDEs were evaluated. The results revealed that, when not considering the bioaccessibility of PBDEs, vegetables were the leading contributor (49.2%), followed by fish (34.0%). However, the sequence was reversed after the PBDE bioaccessibility was taken into account. The results indicated that human exposure to PBDEs via food ingestion might have been significantly overestimated and the exposure assessment could be misleading if the bioaccessibility of PBDEs was not considered.     

汛期连云港市重点断面污染来源调查研究

长期以来汛期江苏省部分重点断面水质下降明显,是当地水环境质量提升的难点之一.选取连云港市重点断面为研究对象,应用手工监测和卫星遥感监测方法,分析4个典型断面水质变化特点;通过三维荧光溯源分析方法,确定农业源和生活源是主要污染源;结合现场核查,发现秸秆还田沤水和雨污分流不到位是导致典型断面水质下降的主要原因.研究提出,手...     

海南饮用水源地水体中阿特拉津健康风险评价

采用全自动固相萃取-超高压液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS-MS)测定海南饮用水源地原水中阿特拉津的含量。结果表明,在22个监测点位中,阿特拉津的检出率达到69.7%,其检出浓度为未检出~74.8 ng/L,浓度值均低于《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)中阿特拉津的标准限值。采用USEPA推荐的健康风险评价方法,对海南饮用水源地原水中阿特拉津通过饮用水和皮肤接触途径引起的健康风险进行了初步评价,阿特拉津通过饮用水和洗浴途径引起的非致癌总风险指数、致癌总风险指数分别为0~7.1×10-5和0~5.7×10-7,均在USEPA的建议值内,初步认为海南饮用水源地原水中的阿特拉津不会对人体产生明显的健康危害。     

复配混凝剂理化特性及性能

用聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵（PDM）、聚合氯化铝（PAC）按照质量比1%制备了复配混凝剂,研究了其理化特性及原水污染物去除效果。利用Al-Ferron逐时络合比色法研究了复配混凝剂的铝（Ⅲ）形态分布,结果表明,Al_a、Al_b和Al_c分别占12.62%、16.02%和71.36%。复配混凝剂Zeta电位平均值为41.6 mV。红外吸收光谱分析表明复配混凝剂的羟基缔合程度比PAC要高。扫描电镜结果表明,固体复配混凝剂表面较为粗糙、结构疏松。相同投加量时,复配混凝剂对江河水、水库水的浊度、COD_Mn、UV₂₅₄的去除效率均优于PAC。实验利用针杆藻人工模拟高藻原水,当投加PDM：PAC质量比10%的复配混凝剂10 mg/L时,复配混凝剂对藻类的去除率为80.5%。     

自动监控系统在太湖流域水质变化预警中的作用

以2011年太湖流域水质自动监控系统捕捉到的水质异常数据为基础,对太湖流域水质异常预警的特征进行分析。结果表明,太湖流域水质异常预警具有明显的时空变化特征,水质异常频次较高的断面多位于丹阳、武进、宜兴交界处,且以泥炭河、漕桥河、中干河等河流为主。流域水质异常预警主要发生在枯水期,导致水质异常的主要污染指标以氨氮、总磷为主。典型河流水质预警情况分析表明,流域水质变化具有明显的上下游响应关系。水质变化与水文气象、工厂生产周期等外界因素的关系较明显。     

生活垃圾填埋气中甲烷短期产生时空变化规律探究

采用自制垃圾填埋甲烷测量装置对衡阳某垃圾处理站临时堆放的处于发酵期的垃圾开展浓度测定试验,探究垃圾填埋气中甲烷在短期内产生的时空规律。结果表明：填埋场中甲烷浓度存在明显的气体分层现象,其浓度主要与纵向填埋深度呈正相关,与距填埋场边界的水平距离呈负相关;填埋初期,距离地表越近,同一水平方向甲烷浓度在不同区域变化较大,随着填埋时间的增长其浓度变化趋于稳定;填埋场内部温度与垃圾埋深和外界温度成线性相关,并且与垃圾埋深成反比,与外界温度成正比。     

电子垃圾焚烧排放的二噁英对周围大气环境的影响

为了研究电子垃圾焚烧产生的二噁英对周围环境的影响,同时在E1和E2采样点分别采集9个大气样品.E1周围分布大量的电子垃圾焚烧点,E2则位于E1南9 km处,周围无其他明显的二噁英排放源.所采样品用同位素稀释法进行分析测定,结果表明,E1和E2大气样品中二噁英的平均质量浓度分别为127.37、22.37 pg/m3,平均毒性当量浓度分别为8.777、1.305 pg I-TEQ/m3.八氯代二苯并呋喃(OCDF)、八氯代二苯并二噁英(OCDD)、七氯代二苯并呋喃(1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF)和七氯代二苯并二噁英(1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD)对2,3,7,8位氯代的二噁英的总浓度贡献较大,而五氯代二苯并呋喃(2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF)则对总毒性当量浓度贡献最大,其贡献率超过40%.在E1和E2两个采样点,二噁英在气相中的比例均随着氯原子取代数的增加而降低.两采样点相似的二噁英分布模式和气固分配,说明E2大气中二噁英主要来自于E1电子垃圾焚烧产生的二噁英.     

Regional convergence of energy-environmental efficiency: from the perspective of environmental constraints

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This paper conducts a convergence analysis on the energy-environmental efficiency to explore the differences between regions that reflect the...     

电子废弃物管理研究热点对比与可视化分析

随着电子产品消费量的日益增多,电子废弃物(WEEE)的数量也不断增加,WEEE管理已成为全球关注的热点环境问题。以Web of Science核心数据库和中国知网(CNKI)全文数据库相关文献作为样本,借助Citespace软件对2007—2017年国内外WEEE管理文献进行了可视化分析,旨在理清中国与国际WEEE管理的发展脉络、研究热点和前沿趋势。结果表明:(1)国际关于WEEE管理的热度不断增加,研究重点由发达国家逐渐转向发展中国家和地区;(2)WEEE管理的研究方法、研究内容和研究角度日益丰富,生产者责任延伸制度、绿色设计、生命周期评价、逆向物流和工业生态学都成为研究的热点;(3)未来中国WEEE管理研究应注重WEEE管理的立法建设和理论技术创新以及大数据与信息系统在WEEE管理方面的应用。     

Feasibility of iron scraps for enhancing nitrification of domestic wastewater at low temperatures

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The development of an effective approach to improve low-temperature nitrification of domestic wastewater remains an important issue that needs to be...