Neglected skin-associated microbial communities: a unique immune defense strategy of Bufo raddei under environmental heavy metal pollution

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Amphibians defend against pathogens using skin microbial communities, in addition to innate and adaptive immunity. Despite skin microbial communities...     

Functional traits of poplar leaves and fine roots responses to ozone pollution under soil nitrogen addition

Concurrent ground-level ozone（O₃） pollution and anthropogenic nitrogen（N） deposition can markedly influence dynamics and productivity in forests.Most studies evaluating the functional traits responses of rapid-turnover organs to O₃ have specifically examined leaves,despite fine roots are another major source of soil carbon and nutrient input in forest ecosystems.How elevated O₃ levels impact fine root biomass and biochemistry remains to be resolved.This study was...     

Explosions of gasoline–air mixture in the tunnels containing branch configuration

In order to investigate the effects of branch tunnels on explosion propagation, experiments were performed in five different configuration tunnels (straight configuration and configurations with 1 branch, 2 branches, 3 branches and 4 branches). Pressure and flame transducers were used to record the history of the pressure development and track the velocity of the flame front. It was shown that the branch tunnels had ability to enhance the maximum overpressure, rate of overpressure rise, and deflagration index (K_G) of the gasoline–air mixture explosion due to the turbulence induced by the branch tunnels. The overpressure rise rate and K_G of the explosion increased as a function of the number of branch tunnels. Experiments also showed that the maximum flame speed increased as the branch number increasing from 0 to 3 due to the enlargement of turbulence induced by the branch tunnels. However, an increase of branch number did not always lead to an enhancement of flame speed because the heat loss was intensified resulting from the increase of flame surface caused by the branch tunnels. When the number of branch tunnels exceeded 3, the maximum flame speed dropped.     

Effects of phosphorous on the stabilization of solid waste in anaerobic landfill

Anaerobic bioreactor attracted more attention in recent years because of its environmental and financial benefits. Nutrients and moisture could exert profound influences on the degradation of the pollutants and stabilization of solid waste in anaerobic landfill. The objective of this work was to investigate the effects of the activated sludge and phosphorous addition on the stabilization of solid waste. The experimental results indicated that phosphorous is the limiting nutrients in the landfill leachate; phosphorous and activated sludge simultaneously could stimulate the growth of the bacteria, enhance the attenuation of pollutants in landfill leachate and accelerate the stabilization of solid waste; the final removal efficiency of COD and NH₄⁺-N in R-C (phosphorous and activated sludge added simultaneously) was up to 95.13% and 73.4%, respectively. Therefore, phosphorous addition is an effective way to enhance the stabilization of solid waste in anaerobic landfill.     

单压法标准湿度发生器的设计及不确定度评定

标准湿度发生器在湿度量传的过程中起到重要的作用。我们设计开发的标准湿度发生器采用单压法原理,使用某单位自主研制的压缩空气干燥器、分流法湿度发生器产生的气源,通过温度、压力、饱和器系统的合理设计,能够发生(-70℃~+20℃)露点范围的湿气气源,量值范围宽,准确度高。经过冷镜式精密露点仪的验证,结果表明装置满足我国湿度一级标准的技术指标。按照不确定度评定方法评定了装置的不确定度。     

环境影响评价中公众参与的博弈及发展分析

介绍了环境影响评价的概念和发展历程;引入环境影响评价中利益相关方的概念、界定方法,介绍了博弈论和信息经济学的关系;提出公众参与的由来及发展现状、存在问题;讨论了如何通过强化公众参与以解决环评中的相关壁垒。     

电絮凝-气浮法去除水中聚乙烯颗粒研究

近年来,在世界各地水体中不断发现微塑料,人们对其潜在环境、健康风险表示担忧.当前,对微塑料去除的方法也逐渐展开研究.该实验采用电絮凝-气浮法对水中粒径为60～100μm聚乙烯(PE)颗粒进行去除,分别考察了电极组合、电流强度、电解质浓度、溶液初始pH值对聚乙烯颗粒去除效果影响.结果 表明,以铝为阳极、铁为阴极的电极组合最优.较高的电解质浓度和碱性条件会降低聚乙烯颗粒的去除效果.以铝为阳极、铁为阴极,极板间距为1 cm,电流密度为4mA/cm2,电解质浓度为2.5 mmol/L,溶液初始pH值为7时,电解25 min后,聚乙烯颗粒的去除率为97.43％.     

铅大气污染物环境保护标准限值研究

铅因其对公众健康的影响,其大气污染物标准限值的合理性倍受关注.论文对比分析了国内外铅大气污染物环境质量与排放标准,通过计算提出基于保护环境空气质量的排放标准理论限值及建议限值.分析发现,目前国际上铅环境空气质量标准浓度限值为0.00015～0.0015 mg·m~(-3),但多采用世界卫生组织(WHO)的年均浓度限值0.0005 mg·m~(-3);建议我国今后修订标准时对铅年均浓度和季均浓度限值进一步加严.与发达国家相比,我国铅环境空气质量季均浓度限值水平已显落后;国际上目前各类排放源铅大气污染物排放浓度限值在0.04～2 mg·m~(-3)之间,金属冶炼源等主要源的排放浓度限值在1～2 mg·m~(-3),其他排放源均在0.5 mg·m~(-3)以下;我国铅、锌熔炼源正在执行的排放浓度限值(8 mg·m~(-3))较为宽松,而其他源的铅大气排放浓度限值与国际上的限值基本一致.通过计算认为,保护公众健康的铅大气污染物的理论排放限值为1.2～2.4 mg·m~(-3).考虑到我国的经济技术水平,建议铅、锌熔炼源的铅大气污染物新建企业排放浓度限值为2 mg·m~(-3);其他源的新建企业排放浓度建议限值为0.5 mg·m~(-3).经过过渡期,现有企业应达到新建企业的排放控制要求.铅的企业边界浓度排放限值是保护企业边界附近公众健康的有效屏障,但鉴于铅的污染特性,对于具体建设项目应加强环评力度,提出更具体明确的排放控制要求,并加强对企业周边环境敏感点的环境监测等,采取综合措施保护公众健康.     

嘉兴市地表水中兽用抗生素的污染现状调查

建立了适合长三角地区重要生猪养殖基地嘉兴市环境水体中4类(四环素类、磺胺类、大环内酯类、喹诺酮类)共10种常用兽用抗生素同时检测的固相萃取与液相色谱质谱(LC-MS/MS)联用技术,对该地区10个典型村镇河道断面和21个市区主要河网监控断面开展调查.结果表明,村镇河道中抗生素污染严重,10种抗生素总浓度为65.6～467.0 ng.L-1.其中,四环素类和磺胺类浓度分别为40.8～253.0 ng.L-1和未检出～165.0 ng.L-1;大环内酯类和喹诺酮类浓度分别为3.1～14.68ng.L-1和未检出～14.54 ng.L-1.市区河网污染相对较轻,10种抗生素总浓度为20.1～61.2 ng.L-1,其中四环素类浓度为未检出～44.0 ng.L-1;磺胺类、大环内酯类和喹诺酮类浓度则分别低于2.7、6.3和21.6 ng.L-1.     

水生植物在微生物燃料电池中的应用研究进展

微生物燃料电池在降解污染物的同时能将污染物中的化学能转化为电能。研究微生物燃料电池是对污水处理过程中回收环境友好能源的多学科交叉探索,可以为我国有效解决能源与环境问题提供新的技术途径。水生植物在微生物燃料电池研究中已得到了应用,显示出了良好的污水净化效果和生物产电特性。目前利用水生植物构建的微生物燃料电池,一类是将高等植物根区作为电池的阳极系统,目的是利用根区分泌物解决MFC的燃料问题;另一类是直接将低等水生植物藻类构建生物阴极型微生物燃料电池,其实质是利用藻类光合作用产氧构建好氧型生物阴极微生物燃料电池而还原CO2。文章对水生植物在微生物燃料中的作用机制、调控措施、运行条件、工艺参数等方面的研究现状进行了综合分析,也提出了需要深入研究的方向。