全文获取类型
收费全文 | 34596篇 |
免费 | 298篇 |
国内免费 | 297篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 878篇 |
废物处理 | 1485篇 |
环保管理 | 4040篇 |
综合类 | 7477篇 |
基础理论 | 8202篇 |
环境理论 | 6篇 |
污染及防治 | 8688篇 |
评价与监测 | 2333篇 |
社会与环境 | 1906篇 |
灾害及防治 | 176篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 302篇 |
2021年 | 280篇 |
2019年 | 260篇 |
2018年 | 484篇 |
2017年 | 474篇 |
2016年 | 752篇 |
2015年 | 528篇 |
2014年 | 812篇 |
2013年 | 2669篇 |
2012年 | 956篇 |
2011年 | 1278篇 |
2010年 | 1186篇 |
2009年 | 1220篇 |
2008年 | 1333篇 |
2007年 | 1445篇 |
2006年 | 1286篇 |
2005年 | 1082篇 |
2004年 | 1105篇 |
2003年 | 1053篇 |
2002年 | 1000篇 |
2001年 | 1360篇 |
2000年 | 938篇 |
1999年 | 605篇 |
1998年 | 432篇 |
1997年 | 408篇 |
1996年 | 448篇 |
1995年 | 461篇 |
1994年 | 452篇 |
1993年 | 403篇 |
1992年 | 417篇 |
1991年 | 398篇 |
1990年 | 436篇 |
1989年 | 412篇 |
1988年 | 344篇 |
1987年 | 319篇 |
1986年 | 287篇 |
1985年 | 303篇 |
1984年 | 339篇 |
1983年 | 319篇 |
1982年 | 352篇 |
1981年 | 314篇 |
1980年 | 270篇 |
1979年 | 296篇 |
1978年 | 249篇 |
1977年 | 228篇 |
1976年 | 219篇 |
1974年 | 208篇 |
1973年 | 208篇 |
1972年 | 199篇 |
1967年 | 223篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
31.
32.
Jean-Pierre Franzidis Martin Héroux Miroslav Nastev Christophe Guy 《Waste management & research》2008,26(2):121-131
An evaluation of lateral landfill gas migration was carried out at the Saint-Michel Environmental Complex in Montreal, City of Montreal Landfill Site, Canada, between 2003 and 2005. Biogas concentration measurements and gas-pumping tests were conducted in multilevel wells installed in the backfilled overburden beside the landfill site. A migration event recorded in autumn 2004 during the maintenance shutdown of the extraction system was simulated using TOUGH-LGM software. Eleven high-density instantaneous surface monitoring (ISM) surveys of methane were conducted on the test site. Gas fluxes were calculated by geostatistical analyses of ISM data correlated to dynamic flux chamber measurements. Variograms using normal transformed data showed good structure, and kriged estimates were much better than inverse distance weighting, due to highly skewed data. Measurement-based estimates of yearly off-site surface emissions were two orders of magnitude higher than modelled advective lateral methane flux. Nucleodensimeter measurements of the porosity were abnormally high, indicating that the backfill was poorly compacted. Kriged porosity maps correlated well with emission maps and areas with vegetation damage. Pumping tests analysis revealed that vertical permeability was higher than radial permeability. All results suggest that most of the lateral migration and consequent emissions to the atmosphere were due to the existence of preferential flow paths through macropores. In December 2006, two passively vented trenches were constructed on the test site. They were successful in countering lateral migration. 相似文献
33.
Cornus stolonifera, Salix petiolaris, and Spiraea alba
clones already located within the corridor of an electrical power line. To
establish the efficiency of treatments, we examined the statistical
differences of growth traits between species and treatments.
An analysis of the effects of layering shows, after the first growth season,
differences for all growth traits in only one species, Spiraea alba.
After the second growth season, we observed the development of new aerial
stems. Layering favors horizontal expansion of shrubs over height
development. The third year after treatment, the effect of layering is
reduced except for Cornus stolonifera, which continuously increases,
as shown by the significant progression of the clone issued from the layer
even five years after treatments. With the cutting back technique, we
expected a distinct vertical growth of the shrubs at the expense of
increasing the crown diameter. This technique would be best associated with
the rejuvenation of clones, followed by a layering of new shoots to allow a
horizontal expansion of the shrubs. Therefore, the formation of a dense shrub
community by layering should be considered a valuable approach for the
biological control of undesirable trees in powerline rights-of-way. 相似文献
34.
Rapid growth of clones of the red alga Chondrus crispus: applications in assays of toxic substances and in physiological studies 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Growth rates of excised apical segments from three Chondrus crispus Stackhouse clones were rapid, reproducible and easily measured using simple equipment. Clonal segments exhibited a high degree of phenotypic stability, with coefficients of variation in growth rates being typically less than 5%. Sensitivity of the assay was demonstrated using 24-h pulses of the toxicants Cu2+ (10 to 150 ppb) and the molluscicide Bayluscide (100 to 500 ppb). As a further demonstration of applicability of this assay system, growth rates were measured over two consecutive 24-h photoperiods using a normally pigmented red gametophytic clone and a green colored mutant derived from it. Growth rates were highest in the first hours of the light phase for both clones, with growth of the green mutant being consistently inferior to that of the normally pigmented one. Significant changes were measured with intervals as short as 4 h using only five apical segments for each treatment. The C. crispus assay described is sensitive, relatively rapid, and statistically robust when applied to toxicant testing in seawater and to physiological studies. 相似文献
35.
36.
Distribution of diatoms in the surficial sediments of the Mangyung-Dongjin tidal flat,west coast of Korea (Eastern Yellow Sea) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The relationship between the distribution of benthic diatoms and sediment characteristics of the Mangyung-Dongjin tidal flat on the west coast of Korea was investigated during June and July 1988. Diatoms were collected from the upper 5 mm of sediments at 60 sites along eight transect lines running perpendicular to the shore line. Of the 371 taxa encountered in the study area, 88% were pennate diatoms. Genera represented by the greatest number of species were Navicula, Nitzschia, Amphora, Cocconeis, Fragilaria and Achnanthes. The most abundant species were Paralia sulcata, Navicula sp. #1, N. arenaria and Cymatosira belgica; all were broadly distributed across the tidal flats. The 60 sites could be assigned to eight clusters with respect to similarity in species composition. Discriminant analysis showed that separation cluster was primarily related to the mean grain size of the sediment. The species could not be separated into groups based on similarities in occurrence; a high degree of spatial overlap was observed. The preferences of the more abundant species for grain size were, therefore, analysed by plotting numerical abundance against mean grain size. There were at least four patterns: species groups could be associated with finegrained sediments, those of intermediate size and coarser sediments and the last group showed no discernible pattern. 相似文献
37.
D Heinevetter H J Lewerenz R Plass R Macholz 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》1985,20(5):539-558
In vitro investigations of the influence of lindane and its metabolites were performed on microsomal and mitochondrial ATPases from liver, kidney and brain of rat and mouse. The microsomal Na+-K+-ATPases in rat liver were inhibited by the tested substances. An increase of activity was observed only with 2.5 X 10(-5) M gamma-HCH. Effects on the microsomal Na+-K+-ATPase from kidney and brain of rat were also indicated. The mitochondrial enzyme in rat liver was stimulated by all the compounds tested at concentrations of 10(-4) M - 10(-2) M. The effects on mitochondrial enzymes from kidney and brain varied in dependence on the tested substances. In the microsomes and mitochondria of mouse an influence on the Na+-K+-ATPases similar to the effects on the preparations from organs of rat was evident. 相似文献
38.
CARMEL L. WITTE§ MICHAEL J. SREDL† REW S. KANE§‡ LAURA L. HUNGERFORD†† 《Conservation biology》2008,22(2):375-383
Abstract: We examined factors that may independently or synergistically contribute to amphibian population declines. We used epidemiologic case–control methodology to sample and analyze a large database developed and maintained by the Arizona Game and Fish Department that describes historical and currently known ranid frog localities in Arizona, U.S.A. Sites with historical documentation of target ranid species ( n = 324) were evaluated to identify locations where frogs had disappeared during the study period (case sites) and locations where frog populations persisted (control sites). Between 1986 and 2003, 117 (36%) of the 324 sites became case sites, of which 105 were used in the analyses. An equal number of control sites were sampled to control for the effects of time. Risk factors, or predictor variables, were defined from environmental data summarized during site surveys and geographic information system data layers. We evaluated risk factors with univariate and multifactorial logistic-regression analyses to derive odds ratios (OR). Odds for local population disappearance were significantly related to 4 factors in the multifactorial model. Disappearance of frog populations increased with increasing elevation (OR = 2.7 for every 500 m, p < 0.01). Sites where disappearances occurred were 4.3 times more likely to have other nearby sites that also experienced disappearances (OR = 4.3, p < 0.01), whereas the odds of disappearance were 6.7 times less (OR = 0.15, p < 0.01) when there was a source population nearby. Sites with disappearances were 2.6 times more likely to have introduced crayfish than were control sites (OR = 2.6, p = 0.04). The identification of factors associated with frog disappearances increases understanding of declines occurring in natural populations and aids in conservation efforts to reestablish and protect native ranids by identifying and prioritizing implicated threats. 相似文献
39.