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301.
Tao Jiang Lingling Teng Shiqiang Wei Lili Deng Zaibo Luo Yupeng Chen Dennis C. Flanagan 《Journal of environmental management》2010,91(7):1437-1445
Use of anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) to control phosphorus (P) losses from a Chinese purple soil was studied in both a laboratory soil column experiment and a field plot experiment on a steep slope (27%). Treatments in the column study were a control, and PAM mixed uniformly into the soil at rates of 0.02, 0.05, 0.08, 0.10, and 0.20%. We found that PAM had an important inhibitory effect on vertical P transport in the soil columns, with the 0.20% PAM treatment having the greatest significant reduction in leachate soluble P concentrations and losses resulting from nine leaching periods. Field experiments were conducted on 5 m wide by 21 m long natural rainfall plots, that allowed collection of both surface runoff and subsurface drainage water. Wheat was planted and grown on all plots with typical fertilizer applied. Treatments included a control, dry PAM at 3.9 kg ha?1, dry PAM at 3.9 kg ha?1 applied together with lime (CaCO3 at 4.9 t ha?1), and dry PAM at 3.9 kg ha?1 applied together with gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O at 4 t ha?1). Results from the field plot experiment in which 5 rainfall events resulted in measurable runoff and leachate showed that all PAM treatments significantly reduced runoff volume and total P losses in surface runoff compared to the control. The PAM treatments also all significantly reduced water volume leached to the tile drain. However, total P losses in the leachate water were not significantly different due to the treatments, perhaps due to the low PAM soil surface application rate and/or high experimental variability. The PAM alone treatment resulted in the greatest wheat growth as indicated by the plant growth indexes of wheat plant height, leaf length, leaf width, grain number per head, and dried grain mass. Growth indexes of the PAM with Calcium treatments were significantly lesser. These results indicate that the selection and use of soil amendments need to be carefully determined based upon the most important management goal at a particular site (runoff/nutrient loss control, enhanced plant growth, or a combination). 相似文献
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Crowding during the morning peak hours at a platform staircase in a subway station in China was studied in this paper. Passenger flow was surveyed with normal evacuation time recorded. The evacuation process was simulated with the software buildingEXODUS. Predicted results on the total evacuation time and maximum flow capacity of the selected staircase were compared with the field observations. Two parameters, the width of staircase utilized per person and the maximum upstairs walking speed used in the software were identified to be noticeably different from the field studies. Predictions agreed better with the observations after tuning these two parameters. It is concluded that the evacuation simulation software can be applied for safety design with appropriate tuning on the key parameters through field tests. 相似文献
306.
Jing Hu Zuobing Xiao Rujun Zhou Weijun Deng Mingxi Wang Shuangshuang Ma 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2011,19(2-3):221-228
Circular economy (CE) focuses on resource-productivity and eco-efficiency improvement in a comprehensive way, especially on the industrial structure optimization of new technology development and application, equipment renewal and management renovation. The leather industry on the one side boosts the local economic development, on the other side however leads to the tremendous environment pollution and biological chains destruction. The CE model has been implemented as a new way of raw materials, water and energy consumption reduction in the leather industry. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Recover of the tannery effluents have been discussed in detail according to the different operation processes. The successful treatment approaches with analysis in the aspects such as wastewater, solid waste, sulfide, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), ammonium salt, chloride and chrome of the leather tannery with CE model provide guidance for the sustainable development of leather industry in the future. 相似文献
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2004年,国家安全监管局印发了《关于开展安全质量标准化活动的指导意见》,煤矿、非煤矿山、危险化学品、烟花爆竹、冶金、机械等行业均 相似文献
308.
Zhijian Liu Haiyang Liu Hang Yin Rui Rong Guoqing Cao Qihong Deng 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(3):36
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Pan Tao Liu Chunyan Zeng Xinying Xin Qiao Xu Meiying Deng Yangwu Dong Wei 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(17):14795-14801
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A recent work has shown that hydrophobic organic compounds solubilized in the micelle phase of some nonionic surfactants present substrate toxicity to... 相似文献
310.
Irgarol 1051是一种常用于船舶防污漆的杀生活性物质。为了评价船舶防污漆杀生活性物质Irgarol 1051的海洋环境风险,根据ISO 13073-1的评价原则和程序,对其进行环境危害评价、环境暴露评价和风险表征。通过对公共数据库的文献检索获取数据,从理化性质、环境行为、生态毒性3个方面评价Irgarol 1051的环境危害。采用评估因子法计算Irgarol 1051的预测无效应浓度(PNEC)。采用质量守恒法计算Irgarol 1051在海水中的释放率,通过MAMPEC v3.0模型推导上海洋山深水港的集装箱船区、码头、航道等暴露场景的预测环境浓度(PEC)。经过比较上述暴露场景的风险商值(PEC/PNEC)发现,港口的海水相风险商值大于1,Irgarol 1051的环境风险需要关注。 相似文献