岩体裂隙面形貌特征对其渗流特性的影响研究∗

岩体裂隙面的形貌特征直接影响其渗流特性,为了分析二者的相关关系,采用劈裂法制备了单裂隙砂岩试样,进行了裂隙面扫描分析和渗流试验,基于分形维数在定量表达不规则曲线形貌特征方面的优势,提出了考虑裂隙面形貌各向异性特征的分形维数计算方法。研究结果表明:(1)基于矩阵理论的裂隙面综合分形维数,相当于用矩阵网格去覆盖整个裂隙面,可以较好地反映裂隙面的整体形貌特征;(2)裂隙面的形貌特征对其渗流特性影响显著,随着裂隙面综合分形维数逐渐增大,裂隙岩体的渗透系数逐渐减小,而且侧向应力越大,渗透系数的减小趋势越明显;(3)分析建立了裂隙岩样渗透系数kf与裂隙面综合分形维数■的相关关系,验证分析表明,该公式计算得到的裂隙岩样渗透系数与试验结果吻合较好。相关研究成果可为裂隙岩体渗流特性分析提供参考。     

利用化学强化分离-无害化技术处理废弃油基钻井液

废弃油基钻井液因其含有油类、重金属、有机物等污染物,属国家危险废弃物,处理难度大.通过大量室内实验研究,首次采用化学强化分离-无害化技术处理废弃油基钻井液,研制了新型清油剂和无害化处理药剂,回收了废弃油基钻井液中的油类,油回收率达90%以上.回收油的品质好,除机械杂质和灰分指标外,所测的几项指标均达到GB252-200...     

培养方式对废水脱氮与沼气脱硫污泥驯化影响

实验研究了底物、接种污泥和微生物生长方式对猪场废水脱氮和沼气脱硫耦联污泥驯化及活性恢复的影响,以解决快速富集培养废水脱氮与沼气脱硫微生物的问题。研究发现,就脱氮脱硫均达到60%的时间而言,接种厌氧污泥反应器为9 d,比接种好氧污泥反应器(18 d)和不接种污泥加填料反应器(21 d)更短。以含氮含硫废水为底物驯化时,接种厌氧污泥更有利于脱氮脱硫污泥的驯化;而同为接种好氧污泥时,以含氮含硫废水为底物的驯化方式更有利于脱氮脱硫污泥的驯化。污泥活性恢复实验中,以含氮废水+沼气(H2S)为底物培养驯化的污泥,硫转化活性恢复所用的时间为15 d,比含氮含硫废水为底物驯化污泥的活性恢复时间更长。     

Arsenic in Drinking Water and Its Removal

Superfluous arsenic in drinking water can do harm to human health. In this paper, a broad overview of the available technologies for arsenic removal has been presented on the basis of literature survey. The main treatment methods included coagu- lation-sedimentation, adsorption separation and ion exchange, membrane technique, which have both advantages and disadvan- tages. It concluded that the selection of treatment process should be site specific and prevailing conditions and no process can serve the purpose under diverse conditions as each technology has its own limitations. In order to gain good results, some methods should be improved.     

川东北社区生态旅游发展探讨

社区生态旅游是将社区发展融入到生态旅游中,以保证社区的利益和环境保护的双赢。本文探讨川东北社区参与生态旅游的重要意义及社区生态旅游发展存在的问题,提出了在川东北发展社区生态旅游的模式和措施,对社区生态旅游走可持续发展道路具有一定的指导作用,特别是对于落后地区的旅游资源开发或待发展的地区起借鉴作用。     

废旧印刷线路板的热重分析及热解动力学模型

采用热重(TG)分析法研究了废旧FR4型印刷线路板(PCB)的热解特性,探讨了不同升温速率下废旧PCB的TG和微分热重(DTG)曲线及变化规律,利用Starink法精确求解热解反应活化能(E),利用Malek法判断得出废旧PCB的热解动力学机理函数和指前因子(A).研究结果表明:废旧FR4型PCB的TG和DTG曲线随着...     

Biotoxicity and bioavailability of hydrophobic organic compounds solubilized in nonionic surfactant micelle phase and cloud point system

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A recent work has shown that hydrophobic organic compounds solubilized in the micelle phase of some nonionic surfactants present substrate toxicity to...     

上海港区船舶防污漆中Irgarol 1051的环境风险评价

Irgarol 1051是一种常用于船舶防污漆的杀生活性物质。为了评价船舶防污漆杀生活性物质Irgarol 1051的海洋环境风险,根据ISO 13073-1的评价原则和程序,对其进行环境危害评价、环境暴露评价和风险表征。通过对公共数据库的文献检索获取数据,从理化性质、环境行为、生态毒性3个方面评价Irgarol 1051的环境危害。采用评估因子法计算Irgarol 1051的预测无效应浓度(PNEC)。采用质量守恒法计算Irgarol 1051在海水中的释放率,通过MAMPEC v3.0模型推导上海洋山深水港的集装箱船区、码头、航道等暴露场景的预测环境浓度(PEC)。经过比较上述暴露场景的风险商值(PEC/PNEC)发现,港口的海水相风险商值大于1,Irgarol 1051的环境风险需要关注。     

Design and demonstration of a next-generation air quality attainment assessment system for PM2.5 and O3

Due to the increasingly stringent standards, it is important to assess whether the proposed emission reduction will result in ambient concentrations that meet the standards. The Software for Model Attainment Test—Community Edition (SMAT-CE) is developed for demonstrating attainment of air quality standards of O₃ and PM_2.5. SMAT-CE improves computational efficiency and provides a number of advanced visualization and analytical functionalities on an integrated GIS platform. SMAT-CE incorporates historical measurements of air quality parameters and simulated air pollutant concentrations under a number of emission inventory scenarios to project the level of compliance to air quality standards in a targeted future year. An application case study of the software based on the U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) shows that SMAT-CE is capable of demonstrating the air quality attainment of annual PM_2.5 and 8-hour O₃ for a proposed emission control policy.