铁（Ⅲ）氧化物对染料溶液的光化学脱色研究

将铁氧化物引入染料溶液挑化学脱色研究，在高压汞灯照射下，比较了铁氧化物对活性艳红Ｘ－３Ｂ水溶液的脱色效果，结果满意，其中ａｍ－Ｆｅ（ＯＨ）３的脱色作用尤为突出，光照１０ｍｉｎ后脱色率为９８５，动力学研究表明：在染料浓工于６０ｍｇ／Ｌ，ｐＨ２－４的条件下，α－ＦｅＯＯＨ的活性艳红产溶液的光化学脱色对动力学零级反应；     

用萃取剂LIX84I从电子废弃物处理液中选择性萃取铜

考察了相比、水相pH、混合时间等因素对LIX84I萃取铜的影响，结果表明：这些因素对铜的萃取率都有一定的影响，最优化的条件是有机相为30％LIX84I＋70％煤油、室温、相比=2：1、出口水相pH值=2．0、搅拌速度=910r／min、萃取级数为3级，每级的时间为3min。对铜进行三级萃取和一级反萃，可以得到符合电积要求的硫酸铜溶液，萃取率和反萃取率分别可以达到94．6％和97．8％。     

江西省乳腺癌与微量元素

通过对土壤微量元素１９７２９４４个数据及１２５９例乳腺癌死亡调查资料的研究，发现了乳腺癌死亡率与土壤微量元素Ｃｒ显著相关性，相对危险度为１．２４。     

石墨炉原子化机理研究方法评述

评述了近年来石墨炉原子化机理研究中用得较多的研究方法,包括热力学方法、动力学方法、原子吸收光谱法、X射线衍射法、X射线光电子能谱法、俄歇电子能谱法、扫描电镜法、分子吸收光谱法和质谱法.每种方法均有其优缺点,综合运用多种研究方法,特别是理论研究与实验研究相结合,更好地阐明原子化机理.     

分析化学计量学在我国近年来的进展

本文对近三年来分析化学计量学(化学统计学)在我国无机物光谱分析中的应用和进展概况作了评述,摘录153篇参考文献.     

Use of PFU protozoan community structural and functional characteristics in assessment of water quality in a large, highly polluted freshwater lake in China

Structural and functional parameters of protozoan communities colonizing on PFU (polyurethane foam unit) artificial substrate were assessed as indicators of water quality in the Chaohu Lake, a large, shallow and highly polluted freshwater lake in China. Protozoan communities were sampled 1, 3, 6, 9 and 14 days after exposure of PFU artificial substrate in the lake during October 2003. Four study stations with the different water quality gradient changes along the lake were distinguishable in terms of differences in the community's structural (species richness, individual abundance, etc.) and functional parameters (protozoan colonization rates on PFU). The concentrations of TP, TN, COD and BOD as the main chemical indicators of pollution at the four sampling sites were also obtained each year during 2002-2003 for comparison with biological parameters. The results showed that the species richness and PFU colonization rate decreased as pollution intensity increased and that the Margalef diversity index values calculated at four sampling sites also related to water quality. The three functional parameters based on the PFU colonization process, that is, S(eq), G and T90%, were strongly related to the pollution status of the water. The number of protozoan species colonizing on PFU after exposure of 1 to 3 days was found to give a clear comparative indication of the water quality at the four sampling stations. The research provides further evidence that the protozoan community may be utilized effectively in the assessment of water quality and that the PFU method furnishes rapid, cost-effective and reliable information that may be useful for measuring responses to pollution stress in aquatic ecosystems.     

大气环境质量综合评价的一种新方法—模糊综合指数法

本文讨论了目前流行的大气环境质量模糊综合评判方法的缺陷,并将模糊综合评判与经典大气质量综合指数法的优点相结合,介绍一种新的综合指数法-大气环境质量的模糊综合指数法,大量计算表明新方法具有许多优越性。     

Effects of clay minerals on Cr(VI) reduction by organic compounds

The objective of this study is to examine the effect of clayminerals (illite, montmorillonite, and kaolinite) on chromate (Cr(VI)) reduction by several low molecular weightorganic compounds. Batch experiments at pH ranging from 3.0 to6.0 and 25 °C showed that 2:1 layered clays illite andsmectite catalyzed Cr(VI) reduction by oxalate. The catalyticeffect increased as pH was decreased. The 1:1 clay kaolinite hadno catalytic effect under comparable conditions. Direct Cr(VI)reduction by reactive moieties associated with illite andmontmorillonite was observed, but at a much slower rate than thecatalytic pathway. Cr(VI) reduction by glyoxylic acid, glycolicacid, lactic acid, and mandelic acid was accelerated by illite,although aqueous phase reduction might occur in parallel. Theseresults suggest that Cr(VI) reduction rates in subsurfaceenvironments rich in organic compounds may be elevated throughcatalysis of surface-bound metals and/or soluble species from theclay minerals, and as a result, higher than those expected fromaqueous phase reaction alone. Such rate enhancement for Cr(VI)reduction needs to be accounted for when developing new remedialtechniques for chromium site remediation or assessing its naturalattenuation.     

Metal release/accumulation during the decomposition of Potamogeton crispus in a shallow macrophytic lake

Changes in metal concentrations in the litter of Potamogeton crispus were monitored during a consecutive 40-day in situ decomposition experiment using the litterbag method.The accumulation index was calculated and used to indicate the changes in the metals in litter.The results showed that the concentrations of Al,Cd,Cr,Fe,Mn,and Pb in litter increased significantly during the decomposition,while Cu and Zn concentrations decreased dramatically.Significant positive correlations were found between the concentrations of Al,Cr,Fe,and Mn and between Cu and Zn.Moreover,Cu and Zn both negatively correlated with Al and Fe.The remaining dry mass was negatively correlated with Al and Fe concentrations but positively correlated with Cu and Zn concentrations.Generally the accumulation index values of metals other than Al were less than one,indicating that the litter of P.crispus acted as a source of metals to the surrounding water body.Al was the only metal that showed continuous net accumulation in litter.The net accumulation of Fe and Mn in litter during the last 10 days of the experiment may indicate the precipitation of Feand Mn-oxides.It was estimated that 160 g/m~2(dry weight)P.crispus was decomposed in40 days.This was equivalent to releasing the following amounts of metals:0.01 mg Cd,0.03 mg Cr,0.71 mg Cu,0.55 mg Mn,0.02 mg Pb and 13.8 mg Zn into surrounding water,and accumulating 149 mg Al and 11 mg Fe,in a 1 m~2 area.     

Positively charged microporous ceramic membrane for the removal of Titan Yellow through electrostatic adsorption

To develop a depth filter based on the electrostatic adsorption principle, positively charged microporous ceramic membrane was prepared from a diatomaceous earth ceramic membrane.The internal surface of the highly porous ceramic membrane was coated with uniformly distributed electropositive nano-Y_2O_3 coating. The dye removal performance was evaluated through pressurized filtration tests using Titan Yellow aqueous solution. It showed that positively charged microporous ceramic membrane exhibited a flow rate of 421 L/(m~2·hr) under the trans-membrane pressure of 0.03 bar. Moreover it could effectively remove Titan Yellow with feed concentration of 10 mg/L between pH 3 to 8. The removal rate increased with the enhancement of the surface charge properties with a maximum rejection of 99.6%. This study provides a new and feasible method of removing organic dyes in wastewater. It is convinced that there will be a broad market for the application of charged ceramic membrane in the field of dye removal or recovery from industry wastewater.