Selective oxidation of benzyl alcohols to benzoic acid catalyzed by eco-friendly cobalt thioporphyrazine catalyst supported on silica-coated magnetic nanospheres

A novel magnetically recoverable thioporphyrazine catalyst (CoPz(S-Bu)8/SiO2@Fe3O4) was prepared by immobilization of the cobalt octkis(butylthio) porphyrazine complex (CoPz(S-Bu)8) on silica-coated magnetic nanospheres (SiO2@Fe3O4). The composite CoPz(S-Bu)8/SiO2@Fe3O4 appeared to be an active catalyst in the oxidation of benzyl alcohol in aqueous solution using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as oxidant under Xe-lamp irradiation, with 36.4% conversion of benzyl alcohol, about 99% selectivity for benzoic acid and turnover number (TON) of 61.7 at ambient temperature. The biomimetic catalyst CoPz(S-Bu)8 was supported on the magnetic carrier SiO2@Fe3O4 so as to suspend it in aqueous solution to react with substrates, utilizing its lipophilicity. Meanwhile the CoPz(S-Bu)8 can use its unique advantages to control the selectivity of photocatalytic oxidation without the substrate being subjected to deep oxidation. The influence of various reaction parameters on the conversion rate of benzyl alcohol and selectivity of benzoic acid was investigated in detail. Moreover, photocatalytic oxidation of substituted benzyl alcohols was obtained with high conversion and excellent selectivity, specifically conversion close to 70%, selectivity close to 100% and TON of 113.6 for para-position electron-donating groups. The selectivity and eco-friendliness of the biomimetic photocatalyst give it great potential for practical applications.     

污染物排放波动特征及对排污许可限值的影响

受生产活动变化的影响,企业的污染物排放具有一定的波动性,制定基于不同时间周期的污染物排污许可限值,是完善企业污染物排放监管的需要。以铁岭市企业在线监测数据为基础,采用短周期排放量与长周期排放量的比值β,研究了企业行业特征和规模对不同周期污染物排放量的影响。结果表明,行业对β值具有重要的影响,铁岭市屠宰行业、煤炭行业和污水处理厂COD日排放量与年排放量的比值β平均值分别为2.82、2.61和1.65,NH-N排放量Cr MDL 3的β平均值分别为2.9、3.49和2.59,表明污水处理厂相比屠宰行业和煤炭行业具有更强的稳定性。从企业规模来看,MDL企业规模较小时,由于生产稳定性差β值波动较大;企业规模较大时,β值趋于稳定。因此,制定不同周期的企业排污许可限值时,应基于不同的行业特征和企业规模给出不同的参考比值。     

关于黄土高原陇东地区环境变化的回顾与思考

在近七八十年里,生态环境脆弱的陇东地区由于人口增加引起乱砍滥伐、过度放牧、陡坡开垦造成的水土流失和引起大量开垦坡地,广种薄收,形成“越穷越垦、越垦越穷”的恶性循环等等,出现了一系列人地矛盾.随着植树造林,退耕还林,禁止放牧等一系列政策措施的实施和社会经济的快速发展,使得这一矛盾得到了一定程度的缓解,可今后怎样保持和继续深化以及怎样在环境可承载下发展经济和提高人民的生活水平是我们要思考的问题.从环境变化的几个方面进行讨论并得出一些存在的问题及建议.     

Environmental applications of poly(amic acid)-based nanomaterials

Nanoscale materials offer new possibilities for the development of novel remediation and environmental monitoring technologies. Different nanoscale materials have been exploited for preventing environmental degradation and pollutant transformation. However, the rapid self-aggregation of nanoparticles or their association with suspended solids or sediments where they could bioaccumulate supports the need for polymeric coatings to improve mobility, allows faster site cleanups and reduces remediation cost. The ideal material must be able to coordinate different nanomaterials functionalities and exhibit the potential for reusability. We hereby describe two novel environmental applications of nanostructured poly (amic acid)-based (nPAA) materials. In the first application, nPAA was used as both reductant and stabilizer during the in situ chemical reduction of chromium(vi) to chromium(iii). Results showed that Cr(vi) species were rapidly reduced within the concentration range of 10(-1) to 10(2) mM with efficiency of 99.9% at 40 °C in water samples and 90% at 40 °C in soil samples respectively. Furthermore, the presence of PdNPs on the PAA-Au electrode was found to significantly enhance the rate of reduction. In the second application, nPAA membranes were tested as filters to capture, isolate and detect nanosilver. Preliminary results demonstrate the capability of the nPAA membranes to quantitatively capture nanoparticles from suspension and quantify their abundance on the membranes. Silver nanoparticles detection at concentrations near the toxic threshold of silver was also demonstrated.     

项目EIA与规划EIA的对比分析

作为环境影响评价方法的重要组成部分,项目环境影响评价(项目EIA)和规划环境影响评价既有区别,又有联系。主要分析了二者在评价内容和方法方面的联系,以及体现在评价对象、目的、指标体系等诸多方面的区别。通过综合对比,明确二者的层次区别,确保二者的相互借鉴、互为补充。     

Off-flavor compounds from decaying cyanobacterial blooms of Lake Taihu

The effect of cyanobacterial bloom decay on water quality and the complete degradation of cyanobacterial blooms in a short period were examined by an enclosure experiment in Gonghu Bay of Lake Taihu,China.Water quality parameters as well as taste and odor compounds during the breakdown of cyanobacterial blooms were measured.Results showed that the decay of cyanobacterial blooms caused anoxic water conditions,decreased pH,and increased nutrient loading to the lake water.The highest concentrations of dimethyl sulfide (DMS),dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS),and β-cyclocitral were observed in the anoxic water,at 62331.8,12413.3,and 1374.9 ng/L,respectively.2-Methylisoborneol was dominant during the live growth phase of cyanobacterial blooms,whereas DMS and DMTS were dominant during the decomposition phase.Dissolved oxygen,pH,and chlorophyll a were negatively correlated with DMS,DMTS,and β-cyclocitral,whereas total phosphorus,total nitrogen,and ammonium (NH4+-N) were positively correlated with DMS,DMTS,β-cyclocitral,and β-ionone.The experimental results suggested that preventing the anaerobic decomposition of cyanobacterial blooms is an important strategy against the recurrence of a malodor crisis in Lake Taihu.     

镉暴露对文蛤雄性生殖细胞的影响

以文蛤(Meretrix meretrix)为实验材料,采用体外暴露法进行镉染毒,镉离子浓度设置为0、1.5、3、6和12 mg·L-1.染毒5天后解剖取材,测量其精子浓度、运动能力、顶体酶活性和核DNA完整性;目的是从生理、生化和分子生物学角度综合评价镉对文蛤雄性生殖细胞的影响.实验结果表明,文蛤精子浓度、运动能力、顶体酶、DNA完整性均在镉浓度小于成体半致死浓度的情况下,与镉浓度呈现出显著的剂量-效应关系.对镉离子的敏感性分别为:DNA完整性＞精子浓度＞顶体酶活性＞快速运动比例＞运动比例.文蛤雄性生殖细胞的生理、生化指标均可作为重金属镉污染海洋贝类毒性效应的指示物.     

High-efficient removal of U(VI) from aqueous solution by self-assembly pomelo peel/palygorskite composite

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The efficient separation of low-concentration radionuclides by the eco-friendly adsorbent is a compelling requirement in the development of nuclear...     

Nickel carcinogenesis mechanism: cell cycle dysregulation

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Nickel (Ni) is a widely distributed metal in the environment and an important pollutant due to its widespread industrial applications. Ni has various...