用煤矸石制取水玻璃的研究

本文研究了用煤矸石制取水玻璃的可行性，利用正交试验，研究了焙烧温度、焙烧时间、反应温度、ＮａＯＨ浓度、渣样粒度等因素对制取过程的影响，确定了最佳操作条件。     

用水基表面活性剂乳液回收废白土中蜡的界面张力研究

通过测定液体与废白土粉末之间的接触角及液体与蜡之间的液液界面张力，对水基表面活性剂乳液的溶剂及配方进行了优选，得到最佳的水基面活性剂乳液的组成为：质量分数０．２％的十二烷基苯磺酸钠＋体积分数为２．５％的乙醇＋体积分数为２５％的混合烃（正己烷＋苯，等体积）＋体积分数为７２．５％的水。实验证明，用该水基表面活性剂乳液处理废白土，蜡的回收率可达８０％，同时不破坏白土的颗粒结构。     

小麦发芽期锌的毒害作用和钙的去毒害作用研究

试验表明,较高浓度的Zn~(2+)对小麦种子的发芽和α-淀粉酶的活性有抑制作用.设置了胚芽鞘长/胚芽鞘粗和主胚根长/主胚根粗两项相对生长指标,发现:随Zn~(2+)处理浓度的提高,两项指标均逐渐下降.饱和CaCO_3和0.5％CaCl_2溶液对80ppmZn~(2+)处理过的小麦幼苗的毒害具一定解毒作用.对Ca~(2+)和pH条件与种子发芽时的形态建成和α-淀粉酶活性之间的关系进行了讨论.     

Study on nitrile-degrading microorganisms

Two strains of bacteria were isolated from nitrile polluted soils, and identified as Corynebacterium boffmanii and Arthrobacter flavescens. Acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile and acrylonitrile were degraded by these bacteria to yield corresponding amides, carboxylic acids and ammonia. The nitrile-degrading abilities of these strains were investigated. The removal rates for the nitrile were nearly 100%, after these bacteria were grown in medium containing 10000 ppm of aceto-, propio-, or butyronitrile at 28 ℃ for 24h. When the reaction mkture consisting of 5000 ppm of above mentioned nitriles or acrylonitrile and 20g (dry cell) /L resting cells of the two strains in 0.06mol/L phosphate buffer (pH7.5) was incubated separately at 25 ℃ with moderate shaking for 15 or 45 min, the nitrile could be degraded completely. The optimum growth conditions for C.hoffmanii and A.flavescens were studied as well.     

北京平原土壤中若干元素背景含量的区域分异

本文根据计算机绘制的北京平原地区土壤元素等含量线图和趋势面图,揭示了土壤元素的区域分异规律,并对其引起区域分异的环境因素进行了分析。     

土壤的重金属污染与土壤酶活性

本文根据模拟研究,论述了不同用量的重金属Hg、Cd和Pb对不同肥力水平的棕壤和红壤的过氧化氢酶、转化酶、脲酶和磷酸酶活性的影响.重金属对土壤酶抑制作用的顺序为:Hg>Cd>Pb.且随金属浓度的增大而增强.实验表明,重金属对土壤酶活性的抑制是一种暂时现象、由于脲酶活性恢复得较少较慢,故建议用土壤的脲酶活性作为土壤Hg污染程度的指标.     

全国污水灌溉区划

本文以地理学的观点、方法,提出了污灌区划的原则和方法。作者认为污灌区划是一种环境区划,应根据生态环境的区域分异规律和污水灌溉的要求进行分区。全国污水灌溉区划共分为两级:地区、区。全国划分为四个地区,八个区。     

用AutoCAD软件对弯管芯棒进行快速图解设计

介绍了利用AutoCAD软件对管材弯曲工艺中弯管芯棒进行快速图解设计的方法。利用该法可对不同弯曲半径、弯曲角度、壁厚的管材的弯管芯棒进行快速优化设计。利用Auto CAD进行图解法设计的弯管芯棒尺寸准确 ,结构合理 ,加工工艺性好 ,使用寿命长     

Water solubility enhancements of PAHs by sodium castor oil sulfonate microemulsions

Water solubility enhancements of naphthalene( Naph), phenantherene(Phen) and pyrene(Py) in sodium castor oil sulfonate(SCOS) microemulsions were evaluated. The apparent solubilities of PAHs are linearly propertional to the concentrations of SCOS microemulsion, and the enhancement extent by SCOS solutions is greater than that by ordinary surfactants on the basis of weight solubilization ratio(WSR). ThelogKcm values of Naph, Phen, and Py are 3.13, 4.44 and 5.01 respectively, which are about the same as the logKow values. At 5000 mg/L of SCOS conccentration, the apparent solubilities are 8.80, 121, and 674 times as the intrinsic solubilities for Naph, Phen, and Py. The effects of inorganic ions and temperature on the solubilization of solutes are also investigated. The solubilization is improved with a moderate addition of Ca^2 , Na^ , NH4^ and the mixture of Na^ , K^ , Ca^2 , Mg^2 and NH4^ . WSR values are enhanced by 22.0% for Naph,23.4% for Phen, and 24.6% for Py with temperature increasing by 5~C. The results indicated that SCOS microemulsions improve the performance of the surfactant-enhanced remediation(SER) of soil, by increasing solubilities of organic pollutants and reducing the level of surfactant pollution and remediation expenses.