国内石化企业过程安全管理对标分析

在参与美国化工过程安全中心(CCPS)过程安全管理对标的基础上,调研国际石化企业过程安全管理标准和实践,编制对标准则,对国内典型石化企业现场信息进行收集及对标,分析国内过程安全管理在工艺危害分析、设施完整性、变更管理、过程安全绩效指标、培训等方面存在的差距。     

基于系统动力学的辽宁省生态安全预警研究

基于P—S—R框架建立辽宁省城市生态安全预警评价指标体系,在此基础上,利用系统动力学方法构建辽宁省城市“资源-人口-经济-社会-环境”复合系统的生态安全预警模型,通过VENSIM仿真2010年至2020年的辽宁省城市生态安全预警指标趋势值,运用综合评价法对辽宁省14个城市进行生态安全预警评价。结果表明,未来10年生态安全预警评价结果分为3类：生态安全区、生态安全持续危险区和生态退化区。生态持续危险区和生态退化区属于生态安全预警区域,主要集中在辽宁省西北部。从辽宁省生态安全动态变化看,未来生态安全形势比较严峻。仿真结果表明基于系统动力学的生态安全预警结果可为辽宁省城市发展与建设提供一定的理论依据。     

天津市区能见度变化规律及影响因子相关分析

通过分析2010年天津市区的实时观测数据,结果表明:能见度有明显的年际变化、月变化和日变化规律,能见度和PM2.5及相对湿度呈现典型的负相关,不同季节条件下,能见度与PM2.5的相关性明显优于PM10,秋季能见度与颗粒物的相关性明显优于其他季节。     

基于VOCs污染场地地下水调查的人体健康风险研究

挥发性有机污染物可以通过渗透、淋溶、挥发等方式入侵到地下水,场地环境中包括地下水介质.采用污染场地风险评估程序四步法,通过对某有机污染场地地下水采样分析调查,分析地下水中挥发性有机污染物的浓度和分布情况,得出以下结论.该场地的浅层地下水和深度离散地下水样本中理论生存期多于癌风险均高于项目的目标水平.其中,前者风险的来源主要是PCE、TCE和VC,而后者风险值主要贡献于TCE.若该场地要将地下水作为饮用水源,则需对地下水中化合物采取进一步的措施.     

Ti/RuO2-IrO2电极电化学方法降解溶液中TBBPA及其降解机理探究

四溴双酚A(TBBPA)是世界上产量和用量最大的溴代阻燃剂之一,在河流、底泥及污水中持久存在,严重威胁环境和人体健康.探讨了阳极为Ti/RuO_2-IrO_2电极的电化学法对溶液中TBBPA的降解效率,并考察了电流密度(5~20 m A·cm~(-2))、初始pH值(3~11)、极板间距(1~3 cm)及电解质浓度(1~40 mmol·L~(-1))对降解速率的影响.研究结果表明,TBBPA的降解遵循一级动力学方程,在溶液初始浓度为5 mg·L~(-1)、电流密度为10 mA·cm~(-2)、电解质浓度为5 mmol·L~(-1)及极板间距为1 cm的条件下,60 min后TBBPA的降解率可达97.2%,且降解速率常数和半衰期分别为0.060 min~(-1)和11.6 min,能量消耗为105.3 k Wh·m~(-3).同时运用HPLC-MS/MS检测出中间产物双酚A(BPA)和2-溴苯酚,并推断其降解途径主要为在羟基自由基(·OH)作用下连续的脱溴过程中,苯环与异丙基之间的C—C键断裂生成BPA和2-溴苯酚.电化学法是一种高效的、有潜力的降解难降解有机污染物的方法,本文将为今后实际废污水中TBBPA的去除提供基础数据和技术参数.     

楼控系统中冷水泵节能优化控制分析

以某卷烟厂生产车间制冷站改造为例,通过对冷冻泵冷却泵的特性分析,提出具体节能优化改造措施.通过对水泵并联工况分析,提出相应的调频控制策略,增加旁通回路调节及水泵出口电动阀调节等技术手段,优化系统的工艺性能.通过对水泵优化控制,达到节能降耗的目的.     

关注液化石油气储存站的消防安全

辽河油田现有液化石油气储存站(以下简称"气站")6家,主要分布在城区内,气站占地面积、规模大小不一,储量为10～20m3为主。近几年,随着城市建设步伐的加快,城市发展和安全管理标准的提高,致     

磺化酚醛树脂干燥工艺节能改造实践

文章对某助剂厂磺化酚醛树脂干燥工艺节能改造经验进行总结。比较了同行业类似干燥设备的优缺点,并进行工艺分析和技术论证,通过设备选型,采用了直燃热风炉等节能设备。结果表明:SMP干粉产能提高了1倍,单位产品耗电量和用煤量占原有生产线平均值的60%和48%。     

Phosphorus runoff from sewage sludge applied to different slopes of lateritic soil

Sewage sludge (SS) applied to sloping fields at rates that exceed annual forest nutrient requirements can be a source of phosphorus (P) in runoff. This study investigates the effects of different slopes (18, 27, 36, and 45%) on P in runoff from plots amended with SS (120 Mg ha). Lateritic soil (pH 5.2) was exposed to five simulated rainfalls (90 mm h) on outdoor plots. When sludge was broadcast and mixed with surface soils, the concentrations and loss in runoff of total P in the mixed sample (MTP), total P in the settled sample (STP), total particulate P (TPP), total suspended P (TSP), and total dissolved P (TDP) were highest at 1 or 18 d after application. Initially, pollution risks to surface waters generally increased to different degrees with steeper slopes, and then diminished gradually with dwindling differences between the slopes. The runoff losses coefficient of MTP increased in the order 36 > 45 > 27 > 18%. The initial event (1 and 18 d) accounted for 67.0 to 83.6% of total runoff P losses. Particulate fraction were dominant carriers for P losses, while with the lower slopes there was higher content of P per unit particulate fraction in runoff. Phosphorus losses were greatly affected by the interaction of sludge-soil-runoff and the modification of soil properties induced by sludge amendment. It is recommended to choose lower slopes (<27%) to reduce risk of P losses. Thus, the risk of application sludge to sloping fields in acid soils should be studied further in the field under a wider diversity of conditions.     

Source apportionment of ambient PM10 in urban areas of Wuxi, China

A total of 168 PM₁₀ samples were collected during the year of 2005 at eight sites in the city of Wuxi in China. Fifteen chemical elements, three water-soluble ions, total carbon and organic carbon were analyzed. Six source categories were identified and their contributions to ambient PM₁₀ in Wuxi were estimated using a nested chemical mass balance method that reduces the effects of colinearity on the chemical mass balance model. In addition, the concentrations of secondary aerosols, such as secondary organic carbon, sulfate and nitrate, were quantified. The spatially averaged PM₁₀ was high in the spring and winter (123 ??g·m^?3 and low in the summer-fall (90 ??g·m^?3). According to the result of source apportionment, resuspended dust was the largest contributor to ambient PM₁₀, accounting for more than 50% of the PM₁₀ mass. Coal combustion (14.6%) and vehicle exhaust (9.4%) were also significant source categories of ambient PM₁₀. Construction and cement dust, sulfates, secondary organic carbon, and nitrates made contributions ranging between 4.1% and 4.9%. Other source categories such as steel manufacturing dust and soil dust made low contributions to ambient PM₁₀.