基于GIS的太湖流域暴雨洪涝灾害风险定量化研究

暴雨洪水灾害是威胁人类的区域重要气象灾害,暴雨风险研究具有重要的现实意义。在GIS/RS技术支撑下,采用AHP层次分析法和综合指数方法对太湖区域暴雨洪水风险压力进行了定量化研究。研究发现:①由于降水频度高危险性指数为5.5～7.1,湖西区属于重度危险到极度危险区;浦东浦西区危险性指数为4.5～5.5,属于中度危险到重度危险区;武澄锡区、阳澄淀泖区由于地势低洼,危险性指数为4.2～5.5,属于轻度危险到重度危险区;杭州湾北岸的杭嘉湖区、浙西区受径流影响,危险指数为2.3～4.8,属于微度危险到中度危险区。②上海的浦东、浦西区与苏州、无锡、常州、杭州、镇江的脆弱性指数为7～10,属于重度脆弱到极度脆弱区;张家港、常熟、太仓、昆山以及浙北地区的湖州、嘉兴等地脆弱性指数为4.8～7.0,属于中度脆弱到重度脆弱区;浙西的山区脆弱性指数为1～4.6,属于微度脆弱到轻度脆弱区。③太湖流域北岸的湖西区、武澄锡区、阳澄淀泖区以及浦东浦西区的综合风险指数较高;杭嘉湖区次之;浙西区综合风险最低。     

郯庐断裂带江苏段第四纪活动特征及其动力学背景探讨

本文通过对郯庐断裂带江苏段开展的野外调查、深部构造和运动学特征等方面的研究,结合近年来最新的研究成果,对郯庐断裂带江苏段的第四纪活动特征及其动力学背景进行了探讨.邦庐断裂带江苏段第四纪活动具有东强西弱、北强南弱的特征;郯庐断裂带第四纪的逆冲活动主要受西太平洋弧后扩张的动力学因素控制;南华北与北华北地块深部构造特征和新构...     

高炉煤气高效曲板脱水装置的试验研究

提出了一种降低机械水含量的新型脱水装置,针对曲板脱水装置内两相流动复杂的问题,在改变结构和运行参数的情况下对曲板脱水装置的性能进行了试验研究,探讨了各影响因素对脱水效率和压力损失的影响。试验结果表明:曲板脱水装置的最佳气流速度为1.75～2.25 m/s,曲板间距为5～7.5 mm,斜板长度为200～250 mm,液气比为0.2～0.25 L/m3,水雾粒径为100～500μm时,可以获得最高脱水效率和最小压力损失。     

高炉煤气中粉尘浓度高精度测量系统的研究

粉尘浓度测量是高炉煤气回收利用时保证燃气轮机安全运行的一个必不可少的环节。深入研究不同因素对测量结果的影响,有助于提高测量装置的精确度。研究了纤维直径、粉尘平均粒径及采样时间等因素对测量误差的影响,结果表明:超细玻璃纤维有更高的粉尘收集效率;能很好地收集粒径在10μm以下的粉尘颗粒;粉尘最佳采样时间为5 min。通过对滤膜和滤筒等速采样装置在不同管道风速下的标准偏差值的计算,验证了该装置测量结果有重复性好的优点。     

Methane emissions from rice fields under continuous straw return in the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River

A three-year experiment was conducted in the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China to study the influence of continuous wheat straw return during the rice season and continuous rice straw return in wheat on methane (CH 4 ) emissions from rice fields in which, the rice-wheat rotation system is the most dominant planting pattern. The field experiment was initiated in October 2009 and has continued since the wheat-growing season of that year. The analyses for the present study were conducted in the second (2011) and third (2012) rice growing seasons. Four treatments, namely, the continuous return of wheat straw and rice straw in every season (WR), of rice straw but no wheat straw return (R), of wheat straw but no rice straw return (W) and a control with no straw return (CK), were laid out in a randomized split-plot design. The total seasonal CH 4 emissions ranged from 107.4 to 491.7 kg/ha (2011) and 160.3 to 909.6 kg/ha (2012). The increase in CH 4 emissions for treatments WR and W were 289% and 230% in the second year and 185% and 225% in the third year, respectively, in relation to CK. We observed less methane emissions in the treatment R than in CK by 14%-43%, but not statistically significant. Treatment R could increase rice productivity while no more CH 4 emission occurs. The difference in the total CH 4 emissions mainly related to a difference in the methane flux rate during the first 30-35 days after transplant in the rice growing season, which was caused by the amount of dissolved oxygen in paddy water and the amount of reducible soil materials.     

Nitrogen and phosphorus removal in an airlift intermittent circulation membrane bioreactor

A new airlift intermittent circulation integrated bioreactor was developed for simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal of wastewater, in which, circulation of mixed liquid between mixing zone and aeration zone was realized by aeration power, alternately anaerobic/anoxic bio-environment in mixing zone was realized by intermittent circulation and simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal was obtained through strengthened denitrifying phosphorus removal process. Removal performance of the reactor was investigated and pollutant removal and transfer mechanism in one operation circle was analyzed. The experiment results indicated that under the influent condition of chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration of 642.1 mg/L, total nitrogen (TN) of 87.4 mg/L and PO₄^3?-P of 12.1 mg/L, average removal efficiencies of COD, TN and PO₄^3?-P reached 96.4%, 83.2% and 90.5%, respectively, with the hydraulic residence time of 22 hr and operation circle time of 185 min. Track studies indicated that the separation of aeration and mixing zones and intermittent circulation of mixed liquid between the two zones provided distinct biological environments spatially and temporally, which ensured the occurrence of multifunctional microbial reactions.     

海洋微藻对游离氨基酸的利用特性研究

分别以4种游离氨基酸——丙氨酸、甘氨酸、谷氨酸和天冬氨酸为唯一氮源,采用实验室一次性培养的方法,研究典型赤潮藻——东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)、球形棕囊藻(Phaeoecystis globosa)和米氏凯伦藻(Karenia mikimotoi)及常见种类中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)的生长特性、光合特征及对氨基酸的吸收动力学特征,以无机氮源硝氮、氨氮作为对照.研究结果表明,在无菌条件下,东海原甲藻和球形棕囊藻可以利用多种游离氨基酸快速生长,而米氏凯伦藻和中肋骨条藻在以游离氨基酸为唯一氮源条件下不能维持生长.东海原甲藻和球形棕囊藻在丙氨酸中的生长速率最高,天冬氨酸和谷氨酸次之,甘氨酸最低.氨基酸处理组的Fv/Fm值在培养后期降幅小、降速慢,且高于无机氮处理组.东海原甲藻和球形棕囊藻对丙氨酸的最大吸收速率和半饱和常数分别为3.32、0.41pmol·cell-1·h-1和6.99和20.54pmol·L-1.因此,海洋微藻对游离氨基酸的吸收利用具有显著的种间差异,东海原甲藻和球形棕囊藻具有更广的氮营养生态位,在近海有机污染不断加剧的背景下,更容易形成优势甚至暴发赤潮.     

Metabolomics identifying biomarkers of PM2.5 exposure for vulnerable population: based on a prospective cohort study

Long-term exposure to particular matter (PM), especially fine PM (< 2.5 μm in the aerodynamic diameter, PM_2.5), is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the association between long-term exposure to PM_2.5/PM₁₀ and the metabolic change in the plasma. Specifically, using metabolomics, we sought to identify the biomarkers for the vulnerable subgroup to PM_2.5 exposure. A total of 78 college student volunteers were recruited into this prospective cohort study. All participants received 8 rounds of physical examinations at twice quarterly. Air purifiers were placed in 40 of 78 participants’ dormitories for 14 days. Before and after intervention, physical examinations were performed and the peripheral blood was collected. Plasma metabolomics was determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. During the follow-up, the average concentrations of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were 53 μg/m³ and 93 μg/m³, respectively. Totally, 42 and 120 differential metabolic features were detected for PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 exposure, respectively. In total, 25 differential metabolites were identified for PM_2.5 exposure, most of which were phospholipids. No distinctive metabolites were found for PM₁₀ exposure. A total of 6 differential metabolites (lysoPC (P-20:0), lysoPC (P-18:1(9z)), lysoPC (20:1), lysoPC (O-16:0), choline, and found 1,3-diphenylprop-2-en-1-one) were characterized and confirmed for sensitive individuals. Importantly, we found LysoPC (P-20:0) and LysoPC (P-18:1(9z)) changed significantly before and after air purifier intervention. Our results indicated that the phospholipid catabolism was involved in long-term PM_2.5 exposure. LysoPC (P-20:0) and LysoPC (P-18:1(9z)) may be the biomarkers of PM_2.5 exposure.

     

City Environment Art and Sustainable Development

The development of everthing follows its own law, which does not change at people’s own sweet will. Therefore, we must study the development of things so as to grasp the essence of things in their deep meanings, explore the direction of their de- velopment, and make them better serve the people. As a part of the thought of sustainable development, city environment art will be of active significance to the perfection of the thought and will also be the concrete embodiment of the synthetic index of economic development. Such a thesis, starting from the macroscopic angle, and relying on the leading thought of sustainable development, takes hold of the development trend of city environment art, and explores the various problems that have arisen in city environment in the process of city management by combining thoughts on city planning, so as to guide urban harmonious development theoretically. The present paper expounds on the views comprehensively and, through the synthetic analysis on city planning, city environment, art esthetics and the thought of sustainable development, makes a detailed analysis of the effects of the present rapid city development on city environment.