九龙矿矸石山周围土壤环境的评价

调查了邯郸市九龙矿矸石山周围地表土壤中重金属的元素的含量。并通过单因子污染指数和N.L.Nemerow(内梅罗)指数法对矸石山周围土壤进行污染评价。结果表明,矸石山附近的土壤都符合土壤环境质量标准二级标准中(pH>7.5、农田、旱地)的重金属指标。背景土壤与矸石山周围土壤的重金属含量相差较小,主要与煤矸石中重金属含量偏低有关。由于该矿煤矸石对周围土壤环境影响程度较小,煤矸石中重金属含量偏低所以应尽量增加对煤矸石的综合利用,从而减少煤矸石对土地的压占。     

某炼油厂焦化制氢车间职业病危害识别及控制措施

针对某炼厂实际工艺流程,分析了炼化企业焦化、制氢工段生产过程中可能存在的职业病危害因素.根据对现场检测结果的分析,提出了炼化企业职业病危害因素控制技术措施.     

Remediation of heavy metal–polluted alkaline vegetable soil using mercapto-grafted palygorskite: effects of field-scale application and soil environmental quality

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Remediation materials are the most critical factors for in situ immobilization of soil contaminated by heavy metals. In this study, in order to...     

pH和Ni2+对人工纳米氧化硅吸附菲的影响

为了揭示菲在人工纳米氧化硅上的吸附行为,采用批量平衡实验对比研究了灼烧前后纳米氧化硅对菲的吸附,考察了pH值和重金属离子(Ni2+)对吸附行为的影响,并应用位点能量分布模型分析了菲吸附行为的变化.结果表明,吸附数据可用Freundlich模型较好地拟合,高温灼烧后纳米氧化硅对菲的吸附增加,lgKF由1.48增加到2.43;吸附的非线性也增加,结合孔分布及表面积变化,说明纳米氧化硅对菲的吸附为孔填充与表面吸附共同作用,内部孔对菲的吸附起主要作用.pH值的变化没有显著改变原始纳米氧化硅对菲的吸附;但是显著影响灼烧后纳米氧化硅对菲的吸附,吸附随着pH值的增加而降低,pH值由4.0增加到8.0,lgKF减少了73.7%.主要因为提高pH值,可明显增加灼烧纳米氧化硅的表面电荷,降低孔的可及性.不同浓度的Ni2+对菲吸附的影响不同,在Ni2+低浓度时(<5 mmol.L-1),表现为吸附抑制;在Ni2+高浓度时,对低浓度菲(50μg.L-1)表现为促进吸附,对高浓度菲(500μg.L-1)吸附的抑制程度不再增加.这是多个机制共同作用的结果.     

基于广州塔多层观测的城市臭氧污染垂直分布特征及成因分析

利用2019年11月1日—2020年4月30日广州主城区和广州塔121 m、454 m O₃浓度同步监测数据,分析了广州市O₃垂直污染分布特征及成因.结果表明：①近地面O₃浓度变化主要取决于人类活动如工业排放和机动车尾气排放等,而高空O₃浓度主要取决于天气过程,如辐射造成光学反应加剧和区域传输.②地面的O₃浓度高于垂直观测站点,其日变化均呈单峰型分布,表现为日出后太阳辐射增强O₃浓度升高,在午后14：00—15：00达到一日中的最高值.③广州塔454 m的O₃浓度日变化呈明显的双峰型特征,第1个峰值出现早上7：00后,O₃浓度随着日出后边界层混合抬升而升高,第2个峰值持续出现在午后,因高温、辐射导致的光化学反应剧烈生成.相对广州其他站点的第2峰值滞后的现象,可能是由于近地面臭氧生成后垂直传输到塔顶出现的垂直混合的时间差,受到边界层抬升强度不同的影响.④广州塔121 m站点,O₃浓度与风速的关系非常明显,广州南部地区臭氧贡献度达到了45%.在广州的冬季和春季,其中尤以冬季12—1月,广州臭氧污染贡献源广州塔中可能 来自于南部,广州塔顶454 m来自于东南部.     

A review on China's constructed wetlands in recent three decades: Application and practice

Constructed wetlands (CWs) have been introduced to and developed in China for environmental engineering over the most prosperous three decades (1990–2020). To study the origin, development process, and future trend of CWs, this review summarized a wide range of literatures between 1990 and 2020 by Chinese authors. Firstly, the publication number over years, research highlights, and the author contributions with the most published papers in this field were conducted through bibliometric analysis. Secondly, the most principal components of CWs, substrates and macrophytes were summarized and analyzed. Thirdly, the typical application cases from traditional CWs, pond systems to combined pond-wetland systems were presented. In China, CWs were predominately distributed in the east of the so-called 'Hu Huanyong Line'. Therefore CWs were limited by the socio-economic level and climatic conditions. It is unquestionable that the overall level of China's CWs has improved significantly, and one of the most prominent features has started towards the plural pattern development. There has been a trend of large-scale or low-cost CW application in the recent years. However, lifecycle research and management are required for better strategies in the future.     

Sulfur-driven methylmercury production in paddies continues following soil oxidation

Methylmercury (MeHg) production in paddy soils and its accumulation in rice raise global concerns since rice consumption has been identified as an important pathway of human exposure to MeHg. Sulfur (S) amendment via fertilization has been reported to facilitate Hg methylation in paddy soils under anaerobic conditions, while the dynamic of S-amendment induced MeHg production in soils with increasing redox potential remains unclear. This critical gap hinders a comprehensive understanding of Hg biogeochemistry in rice paddy system which is characterized by the fluctuation of redox potential. Here, we conducted soil incubation experiments to explore MeHg production in slow-oxidizing paddy soils amended with different species of S and doses of sulfate. Results show that the elevated redox potential (1) increased MeHg concentrations by 10.9%−35.2%, which were mainly attributed to the re-oxidation of other S species to sulfate and thus the elevated abundance of sulfate-reducing bacteria, and (2) increased MeHg phytoavailability by up to 75% due to the reductions in acid volatile sulfide (AVS) that strongly binds MeHg in soils. Results obtained from this study call for attention to the increased MeHg production and phytoavailability in paddy soils under elevated redox potentials due to water management, which might aggravate the MeHg production induced by S fertilization and thus enhance MeHg accumulation in rice.     

Understanding the risks of mercury sulfide nanoparticles in the environment: Formation, presence, and environmental behaviors

Mercury (Hg) could be microbially methylated to the bioaccumulative neurotoxin methylmercury (MeHg), raising health concerns. Understanding the methylation of various Hg species is thus critical in predicting the MeHg risk. Among the known Hg species, mercury sulfide (HgS) is the largest Hg reservoir in the lithosphere and has long been considered to be highly inert. However, with advances in the analytical methods of nanoparticles, HgS nanoparticles (HgS NPs) have recently been detected in various environmental matrices or organisms. Furthermore, pioneering laboratory studies have reported the high bioavailability of HgS NPs. The formation, presence, and transformation (e.g., methylation) of HgS NPs are intricately related to several environmental factors, especially dissolved organic matter (DOM). The complexity of the behavior of HgS NPs and the heterogeneity of DOM prevent us from comprehensively understanding and predicting the risk of HgS NPs. To reveal the role of HgS NPs in Hg biogeochemical cycling, research needs should focus on the following aspects: the formation pathways, the presence, and the environmental behaviors of HgS NPs impacted by the dominant influential factor of DOM. We thus summarized the latest progress in these aspects and proposed future research priorities, e.g., developing the detection techniques of HgS NPs and probing HgS NPs in various matrices, further exploring the interactions between DOM and HgS NPs. Besides, as most of the previous studies were conducted in laboratories, our current knowledge should be further refreshed through field observations, which would help to gain better insights into predicting the Hg risks in natural environment.     

Denitrification and microbial community in MBBR using A. donax as carbon source and biofilm carriers for reverse osmosis concentrate treatment

In this study,raw Arundo donax(A.donax)pieces were applied as carbon source and biofilm carriers for denitrification in a lab-scale moving bed biofilm reactor(MBBR)for the treatment of reverse osmosis concentrate gathered from local wastewater reuse plant.At stable phase(about 60 days),efficient denitrification performance was obtained with73.2%±19.5%NO_(3-)~-N average removal and 8.10±3.45 g N/(m~3·day)NO_(3-)~-N average volumetric removal rate.Mass balance analysis showed that 4.84 g A.donax was required to remove 1 g TN.Quantitative real-time PCR analysis results showed that the copy numbers of 16S r-RNA,narG,nirS,nosZ and anammox gene of carrier biofilm and suspended activated sludge in the declination phase(BF2 and AS2)were lower than those of samples in the stable phase(BF1 and AS1),and relatively higher copy numbers of nirS and nirK genes with lower abundance of narG and nosZ genes were observed.High-throughput sequencing analysis was conducted for BF2 and AS2,and similar dominant phyla and classes with different abundance were obtained.The class Gammaproteobacteria affiliated with the phylum Proteobacteria was the most dominant microbial community in both BF2(52.6%)and AS2(41.7%).The PICRUSt prediction results indicated that 33 predictive specific genes were related to denitrification process,and the relative abundance of 18 predictive specific genes in BF2 were higher than those in AS2.     

镧掺杂TiO2/g-C3N4复合光催化剂的制备及其可见光催化活性研究

以工业二氧化钛(TiO_2)、硝酸镧(LaN_3O_9·5H_2O)、三聚氰胺(C_3H_6N_6)为原料制备了La掺杂TiO_2/g-C_3N_4复合光催化剂.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)、荧光光谱(PL)等表征方法对光催化剂结构进行分析,表明复合样品中La以La~(3+)形式存在于TiO_2晶体中,并形成TiO_2/g-C_3N_4异质结构,其禁带宽度减小、吸收带边红移,光催化效率有明显提高.以亚甲基蓝为目标污染物评价其光催化活性,镧掺杂量为4%(质量分数)、煅烧温度为520℃、煅烧时间为2 h时,复合样品光催化活性最佳,在12 LED灯下,180 min后对10 mg·L~(-1)亚甲基蓝溶液的去除率达97%.