碳纳米管/BiOBr复合材料的制备及其光催化性能

采用一步溶剂热的方法成功制备了微量多壁碳纳米管（MWCNT）修饰的溴氧化铋（BiOBr）复合材料,实现了对盐酸四环素（TC）的高效稳定降解.在MWCNT添加量为0.01mg（0.001wt%）时,制得的MWCNT/BiOBr催化剂具有较低的光致发光强度、较大的光电流和较小的EIS弧,显著提高了光催化效率.性能的显著提高是由于MWCNT的高捕获电子能力,它不仅能增强光吸收,而且还加速了电荷载流子的分离.通过自由基捕获实验和电子自旋共振（ESR）确定其主要活性组分为·O₂^-,并提出了提高复合材料光催化活性的可能机理.     

Pd/silicalite-1: An highly active catalyst for the oxidative removal of toluene

Catalytic combustion is thought as an efficient and economic pathway to remove volatile organic compounds, and its critical issue is the development of high-performance catalytic materials. In this work, we used the in situ synthesis method to prepare the silicalite-1 (S-1)-supported Pd nanoparticles (NPs). It is found that the as-prepared catalysts displayed a hexagonal prism morphology and a surface area of 390−440 m²/g. The sample (0.28Pd/S-1-H) derived after reduction at 500°C in 10 vol% H₂ showed the best catalytic activity for toluene combustion (T_50% = 180°C and T_90% = 189°C at a space velocity of 40,000 mL/(g·hr), turnover frequency (TOF_Pd) at 160°C = 3.46 × 10⁻³ sec⁻¹, and specific reaction rate at 160°C = 63.8 µmol/(g_Pd·sec)), with the apparent activation energy (41 kJ/mol) obtained over the best-performing 0.28Pd/S-1-H sample being much lower than those (51−70 kJ/mol) obtained over the other samples (0.28Pd/S-1-A derived from calcination at 500°C in air, 0.26Pd/S-1-im derived from the impregnation route, and 0.27Pd/ZSM-5-H prepared after reduction at 500°C in 10 vol% H₂). Furthermore, the 0.28Pd/S-1-H sample possessed good thermal stability and its partial deactivation due to CO₂ or H₂O introduction was reversible, but SO₂ addition resulted in an irreversible deactivation. The possible pathways of toluene oxidation over 0.28Pd/S-1-H was toluene → p-methylbenzoquinone → maleic anhydride, benzoic acid, benzaldehyde → carbon dioxide and water. We conclude that the good dispersion of Pd NPs, high adsorption oxygen species concentration, large toluene adsorption capacity, strong acidity, and more Pd⁰ species were responsible for the good catalytic performance of 0.28Pd/S-1-H.     

固化/稳定化修复后场地中铬的环境行为和归趋:以我国中部某修复后场地为例

为了探讨铬(Cr)在固化/稳定化修复后场地中的环境行为与归趋,通过浸出环境评价框架(LEAF)浸出评价、形态分级以及微观表征,对我国中部某修复后场地土壤中Cr的含量及形态进行3轮次跟踪监测. 结果表明:①跟踪监测试验发现,该修复后场地土壤中总Cr含量下降了18.92%. 在芥菜植株中Cr分布存在差异,其中,芥菜叶中Cr含量高达1.62 mg/kg (以干质量计),芥菜茎中Cr含量为0.69~0.77 mg/kg (以干质量计). 芥菜植株吸收Cr的能力为0.44~3.10 mg/m2,对土壤中总Cr减量化的贡献率最高仅为0.05%;另外,新鲜芥菜植株中Cr含量为0.12~0.69 mg/kg,超过GB 2762—2017《食品安全国家标准 食品中污染物限量》中规定限值(0.5 mg/kg),一旦食用该场地中的芥菜会对人体健康产生影响,增加了Cr在修复后场地中风险暴露的途径. ②土壤微观表征试验表明,修复后场地土壤中Cr主要以Cr₂O₃形式存在,土壤中的Mn_xO_y能起到氧化Cr的作用. 在LEAF试验中,固化/稳定化的Cr被活化溶出;而BCR分析发现,Cr的可还原态占比随修复后时间的延长逐渐增加,由1.13%增至4.02%. ③土壤中Mn、Fe及植物等环境因子均会参与Cr的氧化还原、沉淀与溶解,以及植物吸收与富集等环境行为,并导致已被固化/稳定化的Cr溶解或再氧化成Cr(Ⅵ)而溶出,从而增加Cr的迁移性和毒性,造成环境风险,其中Mn(Ⅳ)是Cr活化的关键因子. 研究显示,修复后场地中Cr的环境行为会受到多种环境因素共同影响,尤其是在Mn含量较高的区域更易形成氧化氛围导致Cr的重新活化.      

近40年盐城海岸带湿地景观结构动态研究

基于地理信息和遥感技术,应用景观格局指数法,以1980年盐城海岸带植被图和4期（1991年,2000年,2008年,2018年）遥感影像为数据源,提取了5个时期的湿地景观信息,通过计算能够准确反映景观结构变化的景观多样性指数、优势度指数、均匀度指数、分形维数、破碎化指数和廊道密度指数等,分析了研究区近40年的湿地景观结...     

利巴韦林对4种作物种子发芽的影响

利巴韦林作为一种强效抗病毒药物在畜禽养殖业中应用广泛,有着较高的生态环境风险。采用室内培养箱培养的方法,研究了利巴韦林对4种作物(小麦、白菜、萝卜和番茄)的种子发芽、根伸长和芽伸长的影响。结果表明,利巴韦林对4种作物的种子发芽率影响不大,但其浓度与4种作物的根伸长及芽伸长抑制率显著相关(P<0.01或P<0.05),作物的根伸长比芽伸长对利巴韦林的胁迫更敏感。土壤中利巴韦林浓度与4种作物根伸长抑制率之间呈现正相关关系。根伸长的抑制率达到10%所对应的利巴韦林浓度(IC10)分别为:IC10(白菜)=4.25mg·kg-1,IC10(番茄)=29.7mg·kg-1,IC10(萝卜)=33.2mg·kg-1,IC10(小麦)=49.4mg·kg-1。可以看出,4种作物对土壤中利巴韦林胁迫的敏感性依次是:白菜>番茄>萝卜>小麦。从利巴韦林对4种作物的根伸长和芽伸长抑制率综合来看,小麦对利巴韦林的耐受性最强,而白菜对利巴韦林最敏感。     

SF6气体绝缘设备的放电特性研究

采用间接边界元法,给出了层状半空间中沉积谷地对斜入射平面SV波的三维散射解答,并通过与已有结果的比较,验证了本文解答的正确性。进行数值计算,研究了斜入射角度对散射效应的影响,并以基岩上单一土层为例,讨论了基岩刚度和覆盖土层厚度对沉积谷地附近地表位移的影响。研究表明,三维散射与二维散射之间存在本质差别,不能简单地将斜入射平面SV波分解到沉积谷地横截面的面内方向,然后按平面问题进行计算;基岩与土层刚度比对沉积附近地表位移幅值有着较大的影响,但对位移幅值的空间分布影响不大;土层厚度变化不仅影响地表位移幅值的大小,还会改变地表位移幅值的空间分布。     

Immobilized Lentinus edodes residue as absorbent for the enhancement of cadmium adsorption performance

To investigate the potential use of Lentinus edodes (L. edodes) residue for Cd²⁺ adsorption, poly alcohol Na alginate (PVA) was applied to immobilize it. The parameters including contact time, pH, adsorbent dosages, and coexisting metal ions were studied. The suitable pH for immobilized L. edodes was 4?C7 wider than that for raw L. edodes (pH 6?C7). In the presence of Pb²⁺ concentration varying from 0 to 30 mg·L^?1, the Cd²⁺ adsorption ratios declined by 6.71% and 47.45% for immobilized and raw L. edodes, respectively. While, with the coexisting ion Cu²⁺ concentration varied from 0 to 30 mg·L^?1, the Cd²⁺ adsorption ratios declined by 12.97% and 50.56% for immobilized and raw L. edodes, respectively. The Cd²⁺ adsorption isotherms in single-metal and dual-metal solutions were analyzed by using Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich models. The Cd²⁺ adsorption capacities (q _m) in single-metal solution were 6.448 mg·L^?1 and 2.832 mg·L^?1 for immobilized and raw L. edodes, respectively. The q _m of immobilized L. edodes were 1.850 mg Cd·g^?1 in Cd²⁺ + Pb²⁺ solution and 3.961 mg Cd·g^?1 in Cd²⁺ + Cu²⁺ solution, respectively. The Cd²⁺ adsorption processes subjected to both adsorbents follow pseudo-second-order model. Mechanism study showed the functional group of L. edodes was -OH, -NH, -CO, and PVA played an important role in metal adsorbing. Mining wastewater treatment test showed that PVA-SA-immobilized L. edodes was effective in mixed pollutant treatment even for wastewater containing metal ions in very low concentration.     

三峡库区小城镇污水处理工艺现状调查

通过对三峡库区重庆段小城镇10家污水处理厂处理工艺和运行效果的调查,针对库区情况,分析比较了所调研污水处理厂使用工艺的处理效果、运行稳定性、自控要求、二次污染(剩余污泥产量)等技术指标以及建设投资、占地面积、处理成本、能耗等经济指标。对三峡库区小城镇排水工程规划建设,污水处理工艺的选择与开发,污水处理方案的优化提出明确的技术经济指标和建议。     

热固性树脂对芳纶复合材制防弹性能的影响

采用环氧树脂对酚醛树脂进行改性,树脂的粘结强度明显提高,当环氧树脂含量保持在6％时,防弹复合板的防弹性能最优,复合板的安全裕度更高。而当树脂固含量在15％-25％,复合板的最大粘结力为37．8-40．1N,其中,当树脂固含量为20％时,防弹复合板的防弹性能最优。同时研究了增塑剂对复合板防弹性能的影响,结果显示,当增塑剂含量为15％时,防弹复合板的防弹性能最优。     

886起危险品罐式车辆道路运输事故统计分析研究

为了系统掌握危险品罐式车辆道路运输事故特征及规律,统计分析了886起危险品罐车道路运输事故的发生时间、地点、形态、道路等级、路段特征及事故原因等.结果表明:38.1％的危险品罐车运输事故发生在华东地区,其中11.6％发生在浙江省;82.8％的事故由交通事故引发,其中车辆单独事故占44.1％,车辆碰撞事故占38.7％;9.1％的事故由罐体及附件泄漏和阀门失效引起;就事故形态而言,约23.6％的事故为单方翻车,其次是冲出路外(14.3％)和两车追尾(12.0％);60％的事故发生在高等级公路上,20％发生于城市道路;67％的事故因人员因素导致.